Instrumentation Level 1 NCCER Exam V2– National Center for Construction Education and Research (NCCER) Instrumentation Level 1 Certification – 2026/2027 Edition – Study Guide and Practice Overview

Instrumentation Level 1 NCCER Exam V2– National Center for Construction Education and Research (NCCER) Instrumentation Level 1 Certification – 2026/2027 Edition – Study Guide and Practice Overview A technology bypassing conventional I/O by using direct communications between smart field devices and associated control processors is: a. SCADA b. WAN c. Peer-to-peer d. Fieldbus Fieldbus Redundant controllers in a distributed control system reside: a. In pairs in the same enclosure b. In a master-slave relationship at assigned locations c. As a hot standby at the central processor. d. On a different communications segments. As a hot standby at the central processor. The ultimate period method for tuning a controller was first proposed by: a. Naylor and Tunstall b. Mitchem and Smith c. Hobbs and Lewley d. Ziegler and Nichols Ziegler and Nichols One method of oxygen analysis focuses on the: a. Color properties of oxygen b. Dissolvability of oxygen in water c. Liquefaction properties of oxygen d. Paramagnetic properties of oxygen Color properties of oxygen A Piece of pipe has an AISI classification of A105, the major alloy is: a. Carbon b. Nickel c. Nickel-Chrome d. Chrome-Vanadium Carbon Atmosphere testing must be conducted before entry into a confined space to check for: a. Humidity level b. Heat level c. Oxygen content d. MSDS content Oxygen content Which of the following contains information about chemicals found on a job site? a. Chemical Exposure Sheet b. Material Safety Data Sheet c. Manufactured Substance Data Sheet d. Hazardous Exposure Sheet Material Safety Data Sheet Which of the following materials is selected when resistance to corrosion or high temperatures is required? a. High-carbon steel b. Low-carbon steel c. Nickel Alloy d. Nonferrous Alloy Nonferrous Alloy Which of the following is a type of gasket used in high-pressure systems? a. Teflon b. Fiberglass c. Asbestos d. Metal ring joint Metal ring joint Examples of inactive cutting oil include all of the following EXCEPT: a. Straight mineral oils b. Fatty and mineral oil blends c. Sulfurized mineral oils d. Fatty oils Sulfurized mineral oils Which of the following thread sealant is MOST suitable for service temperatures of 500 to 700 degrees Fahrenheit? a. High-temperature epoxy b. Teflon paste c. High-temperature RTV silicone d. Graphite paste Graphite paste A system installed to provide protection of equipment from line-to-ground fault damage is called: a. Ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) b. An Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) c. A ground-fault transformer d. A distance relay Ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) Increasing the carbon content in steel results in an increase in: a. Malleability b. Ductility c. Hardness d. toughness Hardness The beveled edge of an orifice plate faces a. Downstream b. Upstream c. Toward the control valve d. Toward the gate valve Upstream A bourdon tube is normally found inside a: a. Pipe b. Pressure gauge c. Manometer d. Venturi Pressure gauge A loop sheet contains all of the following information EXCEPT: a. The instrument tag number b. The location and connection section c. The calibration and specification section d. Elevation of instruments Elevation of instruments A temperature-measuring device that operates on the principle that electrical resistance changes with temperature is a a. Thermal bridge b. Bourdon tube c. Resistance thermal device (RTD) d. Thermocouple Resistance thermal device (RTD) Capillary tubing with a bulb on the end is normally used on instruments that provide a. Temperature readings b. Pressure readings c. Density readings d. Flow readings Temperature readings A bourdon tube typically is used to measure a. Temperature b. Flow c. Vibration d. Pressure Pressure What is the relationship of absolute pressure and gauge pressure? a. psia = psig + atmospheric pressure b. psig = psia + atmospheric pressure c. psig = psia at sea level d. DP x 0.0360 = psia psia = psig + atmospheric pressure Process flow drawings (PFDs) are used to: a. Aid in understanding the overall process b. Locate instruments c. Find instrument calibration and specification d. Find pressure ratings Aid in understanding the overall process A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) has all of the following sections EXCEPT: a. Physical data b. Health hazards c. Disposal contractors d. Control measures Disposal contractors Which of the following tools should be used to remove old packing from the packing gland? a. Screwdriver b. Pocket knife c. Packing extractor d. Needle nose Packing extractor At high altitudes, the atmospheric pressure is: a. Higher than the atmospheric pressure at lower altitudes b. Equal to the atmospheric pressure at lower altitudes c. Lower than the atmospheric pressure at lower altitudes d. Always above 30MB Lower than the atmospheric pressure at lower altitudes Approximately what is the pressure, in psi, at the bottom of a 20-foot high tank filled with a fluid that has a specific gravity of 1.5? a. 35.0 psi b. 13.0 psi c. 7 psi d. 0 psi 13 psi The drawing that shows how similar devices are to be installed and connected is an instrument: a. Detail drawing b. Data sheet c. Schematic drawing d. Loop diagram Detail drawing In bubbler system measuring level from the bottom to the top of the vessel the dip tube is installed in a vessel with its open end: a. Just below the top of the vessel b. Just above the bottom of the vessel c. As close to the median level as possible d. As far from fluid entry as possible Just above the bottom of the vessel Which wiring diagram does NOT show discrete conductors from end to end, but in a bundle? a. Schematic diagram b. Raceway diagram c. Cable diagram d. Point-to-point diagram Raceway diagram When one controller is used to control two final elements, it is known as: a. Redundancy b. Bi-control c. Twin positioning d. Split range Sprit range In modulating control the first step is to compute the error between controlled variable and setpoint. The second step is to produce a(n): a. Output signal b. Modulating mode c. Feedback set point d. Process feed back Output signal When used as a film between two surfaces, lubricants will reduce all of the following EXCEPT: a. Friction b. Leakage c. Heat d. Wear Leakage The letters "EL" on a blue print stand for a. Elevator b. Elevation c. Electricity d. End of line Elevation When multiplying 47.1 x 7.2 then dividing the product by 11.23 the answer should have how many significant digits? 2 A proportional band of 100% is the equivalent to a gain of a. 0.1 b. 1 c. 10 d. 100 1 What type of instrument system uses feedback from a process to CORRECT change: a. No-loop b. Open-loop c. Closed-loop d. Specific-loop Closed-loop The component in an instrument system that detects process change is the a. Controller b. Primary element c. Positioner d. Final element Primary element A pressure transmitter connected across an orifice plate measures a. Linear flow across the plate b. The square root of the flow c. The density of the process material d. The differential pressure across the plate The differential pressure across the plate What is the PRIMARY purpose for filling a pressure gauge case with glycerin? a. Freeze protection b. Improved accuracy c. Pulsation dampening d. Leak detection Pulsation dampening What part of a loop or an instrument first senses the value of a process variable, such as the level of liquid in a tank or the temperature of product? a. Control valve b. Milliamp signal c. Primary element d. End element Primary element Where are the high and low sides connected when a differential pressure instrument is used to measure the level of a vessel with an open top? a. The high side is connected to the top of the vessel, and the low side is connected to the bottom. b. The high side is connected to the top of the vessel, and the low side is vented to the atmosphere c. The high side is connected to the bottom of the vessel, and the low side is connected to the top of the vessel d. The high side is connected to the bottom of the vessel, and the low side is vented to the atmosphere. The high side is connected to the bottom of the vessel, and the low side is vented to the atmosphere. A control mode that either opens or closes a final elements is called a. On/off b. Proportional c. Proportional with reset d. Proportional with on/off On/off In order to take direct control over a process, the controller should be placed in a. Automatic control b. Cascade control c. Local control d. Manual control Manual mode The operation modes of a loop controller are a. Input and output b. Feed back and feed forward c. Manual, automatic, and cascade d. Set point, output, and process variable Manual, automatic, and cascade Proportional controller is defined as a control a. Mode in which the controller produces a direct signal that opens or controls a control valve b. Mode in which the controller produces a corrective signal that is proportional to the controlled variable's percentage of deviation from the set point. c. Mode in which the controller produces an alarm that is proportional to the controlled variable's percentage of deviation from the set point d. Valve in which the controller produces a change in pressure or temperature in the process that is proportional to the controlled variable's percentage of deviation from the set point Mode in which the controller produces a corrective signal that is proportional to the controlled variable's percentage of deviation from the set point. Where does the diaphragm of springless, pneumatic actuator control valve use air pressure? a. Below b. Above c. On both sides d. Inside On both sides A pneumatic valve positioner is used to a. Provide direct control of the plant air regulator b. Adjust the position of heat-tracing elements c. Control the operation of the valve transducer d. Control the position of the valve Control the position of the valve A normally closed solenoid valve is a. Closed when power is applied to the solenoid b. Open when the power is applied to the solenoid c. Manually overridden d. Failed open Open when the power is applied to the solenoid An actuator on a regulating valve converts thermal, electrical, or fluid energy into electro pneumatic energy a. Electro-pneumatic energy b. Pneumatic energy c. Hydraulic energy d. Mechanical energy Mechanical energy What type of control valve actuator is used MOST often? a. Hydraulic b. Electric c. Pneumatic d. Motor-operated Pneumatic A time delay is energized and 10 seconds pass before the contacts in the relay are actuated. This is an example of a. No contacts b. NC contacts c. On-delay d. Off-delay On-delay A drawing that illustrates the physical components of a system, including its piping, valves, and instrumentation, is called a(n): a. P & ID b. Logic diagram c. Installation drawing d. Equipment location drawing P & ID Which of the following is another name for synchronous time switch? a. Dashpot timer b. Solid state timer c. Synchronometer d. Time clock a. Dashpot timer Which of the following is controlled directly by an electrical relay? a. Pressures b. Contacts c. Solenoids d. amps Contacts What type of switch performs its function with no moving parts, no points, and no contacts? a. Single-pole b. Pneumatic c. Double-pole d. Silicon-controlled rectifier Silicon-controlled rectifier Pilot-operated regulators are preferred where what kind of pressure control is required? a. General b. Precise c. Minimal d. Maximum Precise When a pressure switch is used as a low limit, deadband refers to the: a. Increase the PV required to clear the condition b. Distance from zero at which the switch initially operates c. Distance from zero at which the switch returns to shelf state d. Decrease in PV required to clear the condition Distance from zero at which the switch returns to shelf state An air dryer using a solid desiccant that does not liquefy is known as: a. Centrifical b. Cohesive c. Adsorptive d. Absorptive Absorptive Which of the following INCREASES the inductance of a circuit? a. Increasing conductor size b. Decreasing coil diameter c. Increasing number of turns in a coil d. Minimizing the air gap in the coil core Increasing number of turns in a coil The capacity of a regulator when it has failed fully open is usually a. The same as the regulating capacity b. Less than the regulating capacity c. Greater than the regulating capacity d. Switched to alternate regulating capacity Greater than the regulating capacity Why are air dryers an essential part of a pneumatic system used in instrumentation? a. To clean instruments b. To eliminate moisture c. To dry metal parts d. To reduce friction To eliminate moisture Once ambient air is compressed then discharged from acompressor, its temperature is elevated and its moisture content is a. High b. Low c. Well tolerated by most instrumentation d. Separated at the final control element Low Single-point grounding of signal cable shields; a. Provides ring-out points at terminal locations b. Prevents lighting strikes from passing to I/O modules c. Simplifies grounding specifications d. Drains induced voltage from shields Drains induced voltage from shields The resistance measured when verifying connection to the ground should be: a. Low b. High c. Negative d. Infinite Infinite If a circuit provides more than one path or branch for current to flow, the loads are a. Series connected b. Parallel connected c. Disconnected d. unequal Parallel connected The temperature range of a transmitter is 0 to 200 degrees F. the output signal range is 3 to 15 psig. What would be the expected output signal for an input temperature is 150 degrees F? a. 6.00 psig b. 9.00 psig c. 11.25 psig d. 12.00 psig 12.00 psig In MOST cases, the cable shield will be attached a. At both ends b. At one end c. With negative wire d. With positive wire At one end If all AND gate inputs are true, the output will be: a. False b. True c. Unknown d. Two True What is the digital element used to deny a burner ignition sequence if the fuel gas pressure is abnormal, there is no air flow, or there is no pilot flame? a. OR gate b. Inverter c. AND gate d. Amplifier AND gate To create a NOR gate, add inverter to the output of: a. An AND gate b. An OR gate c. An amplifier d. A NAND gate An AND gate What would be the gain of a system with an input change of 20% and an output change of 10% a. 0.5 b. 2 c. 5 d. 20 0.5 All of the following are reasons to install heat tracing EXCEPT to control a. Viscosity b. The dew point c. Freeze protection d. The sublimination point The sublimination point Which of the following describes SPAN? a. Zero offset b. The difference between 3 and 1 c. The midpoint between 3 and 15 d. Range The difference between 3 and 1 If the process is stable but controlling away from setpoint, what is needed to CORRECT the problem? a. Add more gain b. Decrease the derivative c. Increase the reset d. Increase the integral Decrease the derivative When bench calibrating a pressure transmitter, the instrument technician should apply a. Hot air pressure b. Resistance c. Air pressure in psi d. Viscosity measured in centipose Air pressure in psi Which tuning mode will cause the controller to generate an output proportional to the PV deviation from setpoint? a. Prodev b. Reset c. Gain d. Rate Reset A pneumatic signal simulator can be used to calibrate a. Fiberoptic cables b. Voltage regulators c. Sweep generators d. Pressure switches Pressure switches When an electronic D/P cell is calibrated, the simulated input pressure should be connected to the transmitter's a. High side b. Input terminal c. Bypass connection d. Low side High side The term "span adjustment" refers to the adjustment of the a. Range between the highest and lowest scale value of an instrument b. Zero of the signal input to an instrument c. Variance in input voltage to a solenoid operated valve d. Gain of an instrument Range between the highest and lowest scale value of an instrument When bench calibrating a temperature RTD transmitter, the instrument technician should apply a. Hot air pressure b. Cold air pressure c. Resistance d. Voltage Resistance As a general rule, before the smart communicator can be utilized, loop resistance MUST equal a MINIMUM of a. 2.5 ohms b. 25.0 ohms c. 250.0 ohms d. 2,500.0 ohms 250.0 ohms Setting the relationship between the input signal and the response, or output, of a device is known as: a. Configuration b. Calibration c. Commissioning d. Conformance Calibration Performing visual inspection to verify mechanical installation of loop components includes: a. Tubing connections and device mounting only b. Field mounted devices and inline primary elements c. All components including process connection, primary elements, control elements, and wiring d. Continuity testing of pneumatic and electronic signals All components including process connection, primary elements, control elements, and wiring When calibrating a flowmeter that uses a turbine sensing element, the instrument technician might use a. A pulse source and milliamp meter b. An oscilloscope and a voltmeter c. A venturi tube and ohmmeter d. An annubar and voltmeter A pulse source and milliamp meter A bubbler is used as feedback in what type of system? a. Vibration b. Pneumatic c. Fiberoptic d. Hydraulic Pneumatic Which turning mode will drive the PV to setpoint, thus eliminating offset? a. Proportional b. Reset c. Rate d. Null Proportional In order to effectively troubleshoot problems within a loop it is necessary to: a. Understand how the loop is intended to operate b. Verify calibration of suspect devices c. Place control in manual before checking tuning parameters d. Isolate process and lockout as needed before checking wiring integrity Understand how the loop is intended to operate Ideally, functional verification of a loop is done through: a. Process simulation b. Transmitter simulation c. Final element simulation d. Primary element simulation Process simulation The standard reference material used in resistance temperature detectors is a. Monet b. Beryllium c. Mercury d. Platinum Platinum The most widely used form of PLC programming is: a. Boolean mnemonics b. English statements c. Functional block d. Ladder logic Ladder logic All of the following are loop tuning parameters EXCEPT: a. P & ID b. Reset c. PID d. Rate P & ID What communication protocol has become the most commonly used? a. Baud b. RAM c. HART (tr) d. Analog HART (tr) With a smaller integral time, the output of a PID controller will be a. Larger b. Smaller c. Unchanged d. Zero Larger In PLCs, how many possible stated do discrete inputs have? a. Two b. Four c. Six d. Endless Two The term topology is often used with digital control systems to describe: a. Supported communications protocols b. Configuration of data registers and processors c. Interconnection of control components d. Supported classification of enhanced control functions Interconnection of control components DCS stands for a. Data Communication System b. Digital Counting System c. Distributed Control System d. Digital Control System Distributed Control System The program that is permanently entered into PLC processor is called: a. Software b. Hardware c. Firmware d. Techware Firmware The greatest inaccuracy of a differential pressure level detector is caused by a change in the a. Viscosity of the liquid being measured b. Conductivity of the liquid being measured c. Ambient pressure in the tank d. Density of the liquid being measured Density of the liquid being measured Density is analyzed using all of the following EXCEPT: a. Air bubbler b. Displacement c. Densitometer d. Peptide Peptide What does the instrument line symbol represent? a. Pneumatic signal b. Electrical signal c. Connection to process d. Capillary tube Pneumatic signal What does the diagram represent? a. Up-delay timer b. On-delay timer c. Off-delay timer d. Down-delay timer On-delay timer The FO in the symbol means a. Fast opening b. Fail open c. Frequent oiling d. Flow orifice Fail open Identify the digital element a. AND gate b. OR gate c. NAND gate d. NOR gate NOR gate Identify the digital element a. AND gate b. OR gate c. NAND gate d. NOR gate OR gate Identify the digital element a. AND gate b. OR gate c. NAND gate d. NOR gate AND gate What does the following drawing represent for a two-way valve?(see diagram) a. Fail open b. Fail close c. Fail locked d. Fail indeterminate Fail open In a bubbler level measuring system with the open end of the purge pipe at the bottom of the tank, the air pressure in the pipe is ___________ the pressure exerted by the liquid at the bottom of the tank. a. Less than b. Equal to c. Twice d. Three times Equal to Approximately what is the pressure, in psi, at the bottom of a 20 foot high tank filled with a fluid that has a specific gravity of 1.5? a. 8.7 b. 13 c. 5 d. 35 13 (20x12=240 240x.0361=8.664 8.664x1.5=12.9) In a test of the accuracy of a pneumatic comparator with a pressure gauge, pressure readings of the test gauge and the gauge being tested are compared at a number of test points. Test points readings are made: a. Only as the pressure is slowly increased b. Only as the pressure is slowly decreased c. In no particular sequence d. As the pressure is both increased and decreased As the pressure is both increased and decreased Mass flow measurement requires accurate values is: a. Volumetric flow b. Temperature c. Pressure d. All of the above All of the above When a sensor is inserted in a thermowell, which of the following could safely improve response to temperature changes? a. Mercury b. Antifreeze c. Copper strips d. Magnesium oxide particles Antifreeze What type of transducer converts the variable being measured into a voltage generated by a crystal when it is mechanically stressed? a. Reluctive b. Piezoelectric (used in DP cells) c. Inductive d. Capacitive Piezoelectric (used in DP cells) A gage pressure of 195 psi is roughly what in psia? a. 151 b. 164 c. 178 d. 210 210 195+14.7=210 @ SEA LEVEL Which comment below does NOT describe a force-balance transmitter? a. Is self-balancing b. Output signal is proportional to process variable signal c. Operates with a thrust rod d. Has a force beam that pivots on a fulcrum Operates with a thrust rod Changing the proportional band of a pneumatic controller changes: a. The alignment of the controller b. The position of the nozzle with respect to the baffle c. The gain d. The set point The gain If a proportional band is set so that 50% of the input gives a full range of output, the proportional gain is: a. 0.5 b. 4.0 c. 1.0 d. 2.0 2.0 A power supply component that reduces the ripple in the waveform is a : a. Transformer b. Rectifier c. Filter d. Regulator Filter If water freezes at 32°F, what will it freeze at in degrees C? a. -3.2 b. -14.7 c. 0.0 d. 25.6 0.0 Which of the following provides a warning when low and/or high limits of optimum range are being approached? a. Calibrating trim pots b. Absolute alarm points c. Variable set points d. Range adjusters Absolute alarm points A device that converts alternating current to direct current is called a: a. Rectifier b. Ratio station c. Differential amplifier d. Comparator Rectifier The oil within the variable capacitor of a capacitance-type differential pressure transmitter is separated from the process by: a. A sensing diaphragm b. Capacitor plates c. Isolating diaphragms d. Bellows A sensing diaphragm When a dip pipe (bubbler) system is used for tank level measurement, the dip pipe is connected to: a. The purge gas flow controller b. The low side of the dP cell c. The high side of the dP cell d. The dP cell output signal line The purge gas flow controller A logic gate most similar to a parallel circuit is the: a. AND gate b. NOT gate c. OR gate d. NAND gate OR gate Differential pressure transmitters measure level by inference from: a. Capacitance b. Conductivity c. Hydrostatic head d. Thermal energy Hydrostatic head Which of the following types of control has the most offset: a. Proportional b. Proportional-plus-reset c. On-off d. Proportional-plus-reset-plus-rate On-off Hydrostatic head level can NOT be measured with a: a. dP cell b. Dip pipe c. Resistance probe d. Pressure gage Resistance probe Which of the following is not necessary when zeroing or calibrating a magnetic flowmeter? a. Calibration factor for the flow tube assembly b. Flow tube full of process material c. Proper grounding d. Warm-up period for the system Calibration factor for the flow tube assembly Closing high and low pressure tap block valves, venting low side to atmosphere, and connecting and applying a known calibration pressure to the high side is done to check: a. The condition of the block valves b. Tubing for leaks c. Zero and span of a dP cell d. None of the above Zero and span of a dP cell Noise can affect instrument performance directly when it: a. Is created by a ground loop b. Causes heating of the thermocouple cold junction c. Is inducted on to lead wires of an instrument d. Results from exposure to electromagnetic fields Is created by a ground loop Which primary element does not produce a differential pressure to measure flow: a. Thermistor b. Orifice plate c. Venturi tube d. Dall flow tube Thermistor What occurs if the temperature of the thermocouple measuring junction is lower than the reference junction? a. There is no emf output b. The output voltage polarity is reversed c. The polarity stays the same but voltage increases d. The emf remains the same when temperature changes The output voltage polarity is reversed Which of the following temperature sensors produces an output resistance directly related to the temperature of the device? a. Thermocouple b. RTD c. Thermistor d. Both B and C RTD Name a direct method of measuring level a. Sight glass b. Dip stick c. Float and cable d. All of the above All of the above If the range of a 3-15 psi pneumatic transmitter is 50-350 degrees F, what is the output signal value at 198 degrees F? a. 5.7 psi b. 7.2 psi c. 8.9 psi d. 12.6 psi 8.9 psi psi =((198/400) x 12)=5.94+3=8.94 Limit switch cams are usually found in: a. Solenoid actuators b. Diaphragm actuator c. Piston actuators d. Electric motor actuators Electric motor actuators Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of positioners? a. Slow down response b. Minimize friction effects c. Permit split-range valve operation d. Allow for biasing the valve Allow for biasing the valve Which of the following types of actuators responds to a pneumatic signal? a. Diaphragm b. Motor c. Solenoid d. Electromagnetic valve Diaphragm In which action does increasing signal pressure cause the actuator stem to move upward, closing a valve? a. Direct action, air-to-close b. Direction action, air-to-open c. Reverse action, air-to-close d. Reverse action, air-to-open Direct action, air-to-close Which of the following types of actuators offers high thrust as a result of being able to use high air pressure? a. Rolling diaphragm b. Piston c. Spring and diaphragm d. Electromechanical Piston When the percentage of flow through a valve equals the percentage of plug movement, a valve has: a. Linear flow characteristic b. Equal percentage flow characteristic c. Quick opening flow characteristic d. Curved flow characteristic Linear flow characteristic To ensure the accuracy of a pneumatic controller throughout its range, you must precisely adjust: a. Angularity b. Input c. Span d. Zero Input If a controller does not have full output when the manual adjustment is rotated to move the output pressure to full scale, the LEAST likely source of the problem would be: a. Low supply air pressure b. Proportional band setting c. Clogged filters d. Leaks in the output signal line Proportional band setting If nozzle backpressure does not decrease when it should, the most likely cause is: a. Faulty process input signal b. Dirt buildup on the flapper c. Nozzle clogged with dirt d. High supply air pressure Nozzle clogged with dirt Input to the _______ bellows flows through an adjustable restriction. a. Reset b. Measurement c. Set point d. Proportional Reset For alignment of a proportional band of a controller changes: a. Maximum b. 30% c. 70% d. Minimum Maximum Changing the proportional band of a controller changes: a. The alignment of the controller b. The position of the nozzle to the baffle c. The gain d. The set point The alignment of the controller A test instrument that displays a waveform is: a. A function generator b. An ammeter c. A multimeter d. An oscilloscope An oscilloscope A 0-30 psig gage is being calibrated. Starting at 0 psi, the technician applies a pressure of 15 psi. The gage reads 14.9 psi. Then the technician applies 30 psi when the pressure is returned to 15 psi, the reading is 15.2 psig. What type of error might these readings indicate? a. Hysteresis error b. Span error c. Zero shift error d. Linearity error Linearity error The standard range for pneumatically transmitted signals is: a. 3-15 psig b. 5-20 psig c. 1-10 psig d. 4-20 psig 3-15 psig A ground loop on shielded cable can be avoided by: a. Attaching a safety ground to the instrument casing b. Grounding the shield at only one end of the circuit c. Attaching a safety ground to the control panel d. Grounding the shield at two points with different voltage potentials Grounding the shield at only one end of the circuit A low resistance reading from an ungrounded signal lead connected to ground indicates a problem of: a. A lead having an unwanted connection to ground b. An open circuit from the lead to ground c. An open circuit from the lead to the casing d. None of the above A lead having an unwanted connection to ground 75% output on a 4-20 milliamp transmitter is: a. 12 milliamps b. 15 milliamps c. 16 milliamps d. 20 milliamps 16 milliamps What is used to change a 3-15 psi to 4-20 mA? a. P/I transducer b. E/I transducer c. I/P transducer d. mV/I transducer P/I transducer Which of the following can provide input/output isolation? a. Optical coupling b. A successive approximation converter c. Optical coupling A dual-slope integrator converter d. Clock-circuits Optical coupling A multi-conductor cable printed circuit board with multiple conductive tracks is called: a. A register b. Ladder logic c. A bus d. A sequential adder circuit A bus The decimal equivalent of 10011 binary is: a. 3 b. 12 c. 19 d. 21 19 The term used to describe multiple lines sending eight bits of data at a time is: a. Parallel transmission b. Interface c. Serial transmission d. Protocol Serial transmission An oscilloscope waveform spans 5.5 vertical divisions. The vertical gain control is set at 2 volts/division/ the peak-to-peak voltage of the signal on the oscilloscope is: a. 33 volts b. 22 volts c. 11 volts d. 2.75 volts 11 volts A breadboarding area is: a. A data routing circuit b. Used to design or test electronic circuits c. A code-converting circuit d. A temporary binary storage area Used to design or test electronic circuits The digital test device that captures and displays a sequence of instructions from the program of a microcomputer is a: a. Signature analyzer b. Logic chip c. Logic analyzer d. Logic probe Logic probe A diamond on an instrumentation diagram encloses information about: a. Calibration b. The set point c. Controller action d. The power source The power source