DETAILED VERIFIED SOLUTIONS|GRADED A+|NEWEST 2026/2027
What is Charcot's triad for Acute Cholangitis? - ANSWER RUQ pain, fever, jaundice
*Reynolds pentad (+ Hypotension, AMS)
What is Boas sign in acute cholecystitis? - ANSWER Referred pain to the right scapula
What type of gallstone is seen more commonly in bacterial and parasitic infections, as well
as more prevalent in south Eastern Asia? - ANSWER Brown stone
Child with yellowing of skin occurring during times of stress, small rise in indirect bilirubin on
labs, otherwise normal findings. Dx? - ANSWER Gilbert syndrome
Most common area to be affected by diverticulitis? - ANSWER Sigmoid colon
Most common cause of acute lower GI bleed? - ANSWER diverticulosis
Diverticulitis mnemonic: "Eating too many CLAMS can cause diverticulitis" - ANSWER C-
CT first line imaging / Cipro + Metronidazole = second line
L - LLQ pain most common symptom
A - Augmentin is first line
M - Metronidazole (second line)
S - Sigmoid colon most common area
1
,Patient with systemic toxicity (fever, tachycardia, hypotension) and colonic dilation on
abdominal radiograph > 6 cm? - ANSWER Toxic Megacolon
***ToxSIX megacolon - help remember >6 cm
Patient with bloody diarrhea, LLQ pain, uniform loss of haustral markings (stovepipe finding)
on barium enema, what is the first line treatment? - ANSWER Topical 5-aminosalicylic
acid (5-ASA, Mesalamine)
Dx = Ulcerative Colitis
Colonoscopy findings in patient with Crohn's disease - ANSWER Skip lesions and
cobblestone appearance
Mnemonic for Crohn's disease: Completely D's - ANSWER Completely Diverse = any
segment of GI
Completely Deep = Transmural, all layers
Completely Dry = Non-bloody or "dry" stool
Completely discontinuous = "Skip lesions"
Where is Crohn's Disease most commonly located in the intestines? - ANSWER Terminal
ileum
Pt with Hx of HLD, HTN, and MI presents with dull abdominal pain that increases after meals.
Lost 15 pounds in 3 months. What diagnostic test should be ordered to make definitive
diagnosis? - ANSWER CT Angio - Dx is chronic mesenteric ischemia (due to extensive Hx
of atherosclerotic disease)
What type of adenomatous colonic polyp has highest risk of becoming cancerous? -
ANSWER Villous adenoma
2
,*2nd = tubulovillous
What tumor marker used for colon cancer? - ANSWER CEA
What diagnostic test for a patient with GERD who has developed odynophagia and weight
loss? - ANSWER Endoscopy - pt has alarm symptoms at this point, suggestive of
malignancy
What dx should be suspected in patient with dysphagia to solids and liquids as well as lower
esophageal sphincter narrowing and absence of peristalsis distally visualized on barium
esophagram? - ANSWER Achalasia
*Bird's beak on esophagram
10 year old with Hx of asthma presents for pain and difficulty with swallowing. Has vomited
with meals occasionally over past few months. Endoscopy shows stacked or corrugated rings
in the esophagus accompanied by white papule. What Dx expected? - ANSWER
Eosinophilic esophagitis - think Hx of atopic disease
Pt with Hx of excessive alcohol use has mass in proximal esophagus, denies Hx of GERD.
What type of neoplasm does he have? - ANSWER Squamous cell carcinoma - think Hx of
alcohol or smoking, PROXIMAL esophagus
*Adenocarcinoma - Hx of GERD and mostly in distal esophagus, Hx of barretts esophagus
Patient with halitosis, dysphagia, occasional regurgitation of undigested food. What test to
make diagnosis? - ANSWER Barium esophagram - diagnose Zenker diverticulum
*Halitosis is big indicator of zenker's diverticulum
3
, First line treatment for distal (diffuse) esophageal spasm? - ANSWER CCB - main type of
treatment for most "spasms" such as Prinzmentals angina as well
What is Plummer-Vinson syndrome? - ANSWER Dysphagia, Esophageal Webs, Iron
deficiency anemia
Mnemonic for Plummer Vinson syndrome: "Plumbers Inspect Clogged Toilets" - ANSWER
P = Plummer Vinson
I = Iron deficiency anemia
C = Cervical esophageal webs
T = Trouble swallowing (dysphagia)
First line medical management for esophageal varices - ANSWER Octreotide -
somatostatin analog that causes vasoconstriction of vessels in GI tract
What is the overall first line treatment for esophageal varices? - ANSWER Endoscopic
ligation
Primary prophylaxis against a rebleed in esophageal varices - ANSWER Nonselective beta
blockers (Nadalol and Propranolol)
Celiac patient with pruritic papules and vesicles on elbows and knees (extensor surfaces)
Dx? - ANSWER Dermatitis herpetiformis
What type of peptic ulcer improves with food? - ANSWER Duodenal ulcer
*DUDE give me FOOD
4
What is Charcot's triad for Acute Cholangitis? - ANSWER RUQ pain, fever, jaundice
*Reynolds pentad (+ Hypotension, AMS)
What is Boas sign in acute cholecystitis? - ANSWER Referred pain to the right scapula
What type of gallstone is seen more commonly in bacterial and parasitic infections, as well
as more prevalent in south Eastern Asia? - ANSWER Brown stone
Child with yellowing of skin occurring during times of stress, small rise in indirect bilirubin on
labs, otherwise normal findings. Dx? - ANSWER Gilbert syndrome
Most common area to be affected by diverticulitis? - ANSWER Sigmoid colon
Most common cause of acute lower GI bleed? - ANSWER diverticulosis
Diverticulitis mnemonic: "Eating too many CLAMS can cause diverticulitis" - ANSWER C-
CT first line imaging / Cipro + Metronidazole = second line
L - LLQ pain most common symptom
A - Augmentin is first line
M - Metronidazole (second line)
S - Sigmoid colon most common area
1
,Patient with systemic toxicity (fever, tachycardia, hypotension) and colonic dilation on
abdominal radiograph > 6 cm? - ANSWER Toxic Megacolon
***ToxSIX megacolon - help remember >6 cm
Patient with bloody diarrhea, LLQ pain, uniform loss of haustral markings (stovepipe finding)
on barium enema, what is the first line treatment? - ANSWER Topical 5-aminosalicylic
acid (5-ASA, Mesalamine)
Dx = Ulcerative Colitis
Colonoscopy findings in patient with Crohn's disease - ANSWER Skip lesions and
cobblestone appearance
Mnemonic for Crohn's disease: Completely D's - ANSWER Completely Diverse = any
segment of GI
Completely Deep = Transmural, all layers
Completely Dry = Non-bloody or "dry" stool
Completely discontinuous = "Skip lesions"
Where is Crohn's Disease most commonly located in the intestines? - ANSWER Terminal
ileum
Pt with Hx of HLD, HTN, and MI presents with dull abdominal pain that increases after meals.
Lost 15 pounds in 3 months. What diagnostic test should be ordered to make definitive
diagnosis? - ANSWER CT Angio - Dx is chronic mesenteric ischemia (due to extensive Hx
of atherosclerotic disease)
What type of adenomatous colonic polyp has highest risk of becoming cancerous? -
ANSWER Villous adenoma
2
,*2nd = tubulovillous
What tumor marker used for colon cancer? - ANSWER CEA
What diagnostic test for a patient with GERD who has developed odynophagia and weight
loss? - ANSWER Endoscopy - pt has alarm symptoms at this point, suggestive of
malignancy
What dx should be suspected in patient with dysphagia to solids and liquids as well as lower
esophageal sphincter narrowing and absence of peristalsis distally visualized on barium
esophagram? - ANSWER Achalasia
*Bird's beak on esophagram
10 year old with Hx of asthma presents for pain and difficulty with swallowing. Has vomited
with meals occasionally over past few months. Endoscopy shows stacked or corrugated rings
in the esophagus accompanied by white papule. What Dx expected? - ANSWER
Eosinophilic esophagitis - think Hx of atopic disease
Pt with Hx of excessive alcohol use has mass in proximal esophagus, denies Hx of GERD.
What type of neoplasm does he have? - ANSWER Squamous cell carcinoma - think Hx of
alcohol or smoking, PROXIMAL esophagus
*Adenocarcinoma - Hx of GERD and mostly in distal esophagus, Hx of barretts esophagus
Patient with halitosis, dysphagia, occasional regurgitation of undigested food. What test to
make diagnosis? - ANSWER Barium esophagram - diagnose Zenker diverticulum
*Halitosis is big indicator of zenker's diverticulum
3
, First line treatment for distal (diffuse) esophageal spasm? - ANSWER CCB - main type of
treatment for most "spasms" such as Prinzmentals angina as well
What is Plummer-Vinson syndrome? - ANSWER Dysphagia, Esophageal Webs, Iron
deficiency anemia
Mnemonic for Plummer Vinson syndrome: "Plumbers Inspect Clogged Toilets" - ANSWER
P = Plummer Vinson
I = Iron deficiency anemia
C = Cervical esophageal webs
T = Trouble swallowing (dysphagia)
First line medical management for esophageal varices - ANSWER Octreotide -
somatostatin analog that causes vasoconstriction of vessels in GI tract
What is the overall first line treatment for esophageal varices? - ANSWER Endoscopic
ligation
Primary prophylaxis against a rebleed in esophageal varices - ANSWER Nonselective beta
blockers (Nadalol and Propranolol)
Celiac patient with pruritic papules and vesicles on elbows and knees (extensor surfaces)
Dx? - ANSWER Dermatitis herpetiformis
What type of peptic ulcer improves with food? - ANSWER Duodenal ulcer
*DUDE give me FOOD
4
