Microbiology/Pathology
Bacteria- Inactive spores
Viruses- Organisms living in cells of organisms
Fungi- Grows across cells
Prions (Creutzfeldt- Jakob Disease)- Not killed by normal decontamination,
affects nerve tissue, causing most endo instruments to be single use.
Cocci:
Clusters- Staphylo
Chains- Strepto
Bacilli- Pointed end bacteria
Lactobacilli- Round ended bacteria
Spirochaetic- Spiral shaped bacteria
Anaerobic Bacteria- Found in caries/perio pocketing, survives in low O2 areas
Antibiotics- Kill good and bad bacteria, including GIT ones
Bactericidal Agents- External cleaning
Bacteriostatic Agents- Prevents reproduction/ multiplication of bacteria
Streptococcus Mutans- Caries, causes enamel demineralisation
Lactobacillus- Developed stage of caries, infected tooth tissue
Periodontal Disease- Actinomyces, gingivalis, treponema etc
Staphylococci- Causes skin boils/gingiva boils
ANUG (Acute Necrotising Ulcerative Gingivitis)- Caused by poor oral hygiene
Bacillus Fusiformis
Borrelia Vincentii
Viral Diseases- Hard to treat, antiviral agents can be used
Acute Oral Candidosis (Oral Thrush)- White film in oral cavity, hard palate and
cheeks. Aids may be present
, Chronic Oral Candidosis (Denture Stomatitis)- Red painless area, poor
appliance hygiene, lots of moisture
Angular Cheilitis (Candida Infection)- Corners of mouth inflamed, cracked and
crusted over
Hepatitis A,B,C- Inflammatory liver disease
Human Papillomavirus- Oral cancer in oropharyngeal region
Herpes Varicella (Chicken Pox)- Affects trigeminal nerve and torso
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)- Bloodborne Viral Infection
Herpes Zoster- Painful rash, affects trigeminal nerve/ torso
Herpes Simplex Type 1- First development in oral cavity
Herpes Labialis- Cold sore, very infectious
Epstein-Barr-Virus: Debilitating viral infection, swollen lymph glands in neck
Paramyxovirus- Viral infection of parotid salivary glands
Coxsackievirus- Hand, feet, mouth disease. Blistering in oral cavity, palms and
soles of hands and feet. Common in children
Infection- Invasion of pathogens
Glossitis- Inflammation of tongue, seen in iron deficiency anaemia, candida
infection and vitamin B deficiency
Burning Mouth Syndrome- Feels mouth is on fire, psychological problem due
to depression. Fear of cancer/serious problems
Minor Aphthous Ulcers- Small and painful, heals in 14 days, no scarring
Major Aphthous Ulcers- Large and painful, takes weeks/months to heal. Causes
scarring
Herpetiform Aphthous Ulcers- Lots of very small ulcers
Bacteria- Inactive spores
Viruses- Organisms living in cells of organisms
Fungi- Grows across cells
Prions (Creutzfeldt- Jakob Disease)- Not killed by normal decontamination,
affects nerve tissue, causing most endo instruments to be single use.
Cocci:
Clusters- Staphylo
Chains- Strepto
Bacilli- Pointed end bacteria
Lactobacilli- Round ended bacteria
Spirochaetic- Spiral shaped bacteria
Anaerobic Bacteria- Found in caries/perio pocketing, survives in low O2 areas
Antibiotics- Kill good and bad bacteria, including GIT ones
Bactericidal Agents- External cleaning
Bacteriostatic Agents- Prevents reproduction/ multiplication of bacteria
Streptococcus Mutans- Caries, causes enamel demineralisation
Lactobacillus- Developed stage of caries, infected tooth tissue
Periodontal Disease- Actinomyces, gingivalis, treponema etc
Staphylococci- Causes skin boils/gingiva boils
ANUG (Acute Necrotising Ulcerative Gingivitis)- Caused by poor oral hygiene
Bacillus Fusiformis
Borrelia Vincentii
Viral Diseases- Hard to treat, antiviral agents can be used
Acute Oral Candidosis (Oral Thrush)- White film in oral cavity, hard palate and
cheeks. Aids may be present
, Chronic Oral Candidosis (Denture Stomatitis)- Red painless area, poor
appliance hygiene, lots of moisture
Angular Cheilitis (Candida Infection)- Corners of mouth inflamed, cracked and
crusted over
Hepatitis A,B,C- Inflammatory liver disease
Human Papillomavirus- Oral cancer in oropharyngeal region
Herpes Varicella (Chicken Pox)- Affects trigeminal nerve and torso
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)- Bloodborne Viral Infection
Herpes Zoster- Painful rash, affects trigeminal nerve/ torso
Herpes Simplex Type 1- First development in oral cavity
Herpes Labialis- Cold sore, very infectious
Epstein-Barr-Virus: Debilitating viral infection, swollen lymph glands in neck
Paramyxovirus- Viral infection of parotid salivary glands
Coxsackievirus- Hand, feet, mouth disease. Blistering in oral cavity, palms and
soles of hands and feet. Common in children
Infection- Invasion of pathogens
Glossitis- Inflammation of tongue, seen in iron deficiency anaemia, candida
infection and vitamin B deficiency
Burning Mouth Syndrome- Feels mouth is on fire, psychological problem due
to depression. Fear of cancer/serious problems
Minor Aphthous Ulcers- Small and painful, heals in 14 days, no scarring
Major Aphthous Ulcers- Large and painful, takes weeks/months to heal. Causes
scarring
Herpetiform Aphthous Ulcers- Lots of very small ulcers
