Research Methods Exam Study Set Questions
Correctly Solved to Score A+
participant - Answer to describe a human who volunteers to be subjected to procedures
subject - Answer to describe a nonhuman subjected to procedures
target population - Answer larger than the accessible population
accessible population - Answer smaller than the target population
probability sampling - Answer have access to the entire target population
non-probability sampling - Answer sample from accessible population to generalize to target population
Convenience sampling - Answer (most common)
subject pool is the group accessible/available for research study
Quota sampling - Answer 2 forms-- meeting a certain proportion arbitrary or real
Simple quota sampling - Answer used when know little about target population; ex. 50 female, 50 male
Proportionate quota sampling - Answer used when the proportions of certain characteristics in a target
population are known
-- selected knowing characteristic or demographics are proportionately represented in the sample
Simple random sampling - Answer all individuals have an equal chance of being selected and are
selected using sampling with replacement
, Stratified random sampling - Answer population divided into subgroups or strata and participants
selected from each subgroup using simple random sampling, combined into one overall sample
Systematic sampling - Answer the first participant is selected using simple random sampling and then
every nth person is systematically selected until all participants have been selected
Cluster sampling - Answer subgroups or "clusters" of individuals are identified in a population, and then
a portion of clusters that are representative of the population are selected such that all individuals in the
selected clusters are included in the sample
Difference between Cluster and stratified random sampling - Answer Clusters not selected are omitted
from sample; people are selected from every subgroup in stratified sampling
Sampling error - Answer sometimes our sample doesn't accurately reflect the population
Standard error of the mean - Answer standard deviation of a sampling distribution of sample means;
distance that sample mean values can deviate from the value of the population mean
How to reduce standard error? - Answer increasing sample size
Sampling bias (selection bias) - Answer the sampling procedures employed favor certain individuals or
groups over others
Non-response bias - Answer a number of participants in one or more groups choose not to respond to a
survey or request to participate in a research study
What are the categories of research questions? - Answer Exploratory
Descriptive
Relational
Exploratory research question - Answer "what if"
Get an idea of, explore area of research not well understood
Correctly Solved to Score A+
participant - Answer to describe a human who volunteers to be subjected to procedures
subject - Answer to describe a nonhuman subjected to procedures
target population - Answer larger than the accessible population
accessible population - Answer smaller than the target population
probability sampling - Answer have access to the entire target population
non-probability sampling - Answer sample from accessible population to generalize to target population
Convenience sampling - Answer (most common)
subject pool is the group accessible/available for research study
Quota sampling - Answer 2 forms-- meeting a certain proportion arbitrary or real
Simple quota sampling - Answer used when know little about target population; ex. 50 female, 50 male
Proportionate quota sampling - Answer used when the proportions of certain characteristics in a target
population are known
-- selected knowing characteristic or demographics are proportionately represented in the sample
Simple random sampling - Answer all individuals have an equal chance of being selected and are
selected using sampling with replacement
, Stratified random sampling - Answer population divided into subgroups or strata and participants
selected from each subgroup using simple random sampling, combined into one overall sample
Systematic sampling - Answer the first participant is selected using simple random sampling and then
every nth person is systematically selected until all participants have been selected
Cluster sampling - Answer subgroups or "clusters" of individuals are identified in a population, and then
a portion of clusters that are representative of the population are selected such that all individuals in the
selected clusters are included in the sample
Difference between Cluster and stratified random sampling - Answer Clusters not selected are omitted
from sample; people are selected from every subgroup in stratified sampling
Sampling error - Answer sometimes our sample doesn't accurately reflect the population
Standard error of the mean - Answer standard deviation of a sampling distribution of sample means;
distance that sample mean values can deviate from the value of the population mean
How to reduce standard error? - Answer increasing sample size
Sampling bias (selection bias) - Answer the sampling procedures employed favor certain individuals or
groups over others
Non-response bias - Answer a number of participants in one or more groups choose not to respond to a
survey or request to participate in a research study
What are the categories of research questions? - Answer Exploratory
Descriptive
Relational
Exploratory research question - Answer "what if"
Get an idea of, explore area of research not well understood
