PSY 410 VERIFIED STUDY GUIDE
Cross-sectional study - Answers - -correlational method
-taking data by observing a population at any/exact time
-population can be many dif subjects
-Ex) facebook creeping can lead to harder ability to move on
Longitudinal study - Answers - -correlational method
-watching a study over an extended period of time
-taking info from same subjects over the years/multiple times/usually self-reported
Experimental success - Answers - experimental control (keep all variables consistent)
random assignment (equal chance to be in any group)
Independent/Dependent variable - Answers - -used in in experimental methods
Independent- variable changed over time to see if it has an effect on another variable
Dependent- variable that is being measured to see if its influenced by the IV
Converging operations - Answers - testing hypothesis using 2 or more methods,
measurement techniques, or participant populations
Direct/Indirect rewards - Answers - Direct- pleasure that we receive when someone
shows interest in us
Indirect- more subtle/passing on advantages to offspring (finding a smart partner)
-often unconscious
Proximity - Answers - -when others are nearby, it is easier to enjoy the rewards they
offer
-expense/inconvenience of distance can be costly
Mere exposure effect - Answers - becoming familiar w/ someone + repeated contact
usually increases our liking
Proximity/similarity - Answers - proximity imply similarity b/c being around those who
share our background/interests is rewarding for us
Opposites attract? - Answers - -similarity doesn't initially influence attraction, physical
attraction does
-may be complete opposites and not know it
-at first may be attracted and then may find they are too different
, Mate value similarity - Answers - -explains some relationships demographic opposites
have attracted
Ex) Trump and Melania seen as opposites but mate value is similar b/c her young age
bring fertility and his resources are greater than men in her age group
-mate values equal out their age differences
Fatal attractions - Answers - quality that initially attracts one person to another gradually
becomes one of the most irritating things about that person
Perceived similarity - Answers - more important than actual similarity when predicting
attraction
Types of similarity - Answers - some similarity matter more than others for attraction
-depends on how much importance is attached to them
Dissimilarity - Answers - -diminishes as relationship progresses
-as time goes on members share more similar attitudes because:
1. they share compelling experiences
2. consciously seek similarity
Positive outcomes of physical attractiveness - Answers - -many and span domains of
life
-more mates to choose from, being viewed as great potential mate, reproductive value,
high odds of genes being passed on
-more likeable, get paid more
Physical attractiveness in males/females - Answers - Males
-height
-resources
-proportionate/summetrical facial features
-waist-to-hip ratio .9
-shoulder-to-hip ratio 1.2
-resources must make up for lack of height
Females
-baby face w/ sign of maturity (defined jaw line/cheekbones)
-waist 30% smaller hips
-average weight is more attractive than overweight/underweight
-larger breasts don't add to attractiveness if women is stocky
evolutionary reasons Physical attractiveness preferred - Answers - -symmetrical faces
usually have symmetrical bodies= greater physical/mental health
-symmetrical women high levels of estradiol= greater fertility
-hormones affect body ratios/desirable waist-to-hip ratios= easier pregnancies
-exotic dancers make more $ when ovulating
Cross-sectional study - Answers - -correlational method
-taking data by observing a population at any/exact time
-population can be many dif subjects
-Ex) facebook creeping can lead to harder ability to move on
Longitudinal study - Answers - -correlational method
-watching a study over an extended period of time
-taking info from same subjects over the years/multiple times/usually self-reported
Experimental success - Answers - experimental control (keep all variables consistent)
random assignment (equal chance to be in any group)
Independent/Dependent variable - Answers - -used in in experimental methods
Independent- variable changed over time to see if it has an effect on another variable
Dependent- variable that is being measured to see if its influenced by the IV
Converging operations - Answers - testing hypothesis using 2 or more methods,
measurement techniques, or participant populations
Direct/Indirect rewards - Answers - Direct- pleasure that we receive when someone
shows interest in us
Indirect- more subtle/passing on advantages to offspring (finding a smart partner)
-often unconscious
Proximity - Answers - -when others are nearby, it is easier to enjoy the rewards they
offer
-expense/inconvenience of distance can be costly
Mere exposure effect - Answers - becoming familiar w/ someone + repeated contact
usually increases our liking
Proximity/similarity - Answers - proximity imply similarity b/c being around those who
share our background/interests is rewarding for us
Opposites attract? - Answers - -similarity doesn't initially influence attraction, physical
attraction does
-may be complete opposites and not know it
-at first may be attracted and then may find they are too different
, Mate value similarity - Answers - -explains some relationships demographic opposites
have attracted
Ex) Trump and Melania seen as opposites but mate value is similar b/c her young age
bring fertility and his resources are greater than men in her age group
-mate values equal out their age differences
Fatal attractions - Answers - quality that initially attracts one person to another gradually
becomes one of the most irritating things about that person
Perceived similarity - Answers - more important than actual similarity when predicting
attraction
Types of similarity - Answers - some similarity matter more than others for attraction
-depends on how much importance is attached to them
Dissimilarity - Answers - -diminishes as relationship progresses
-as time goes on members share more similar attitudes because:
1. they share compelling experiences
2. consciously seek similarity
Positive outcomes of physical attractiveness - Answers - -many and span domains of
life
-more mates to choose from, being viewed as great potential mate, reproductive value,
high odds of genes being passed on
-more likeable, get paid more
Physical attractiveness in males/females - Answers - Males
-height
-resources
-proportionate/summetrical facial features
-waist-to-hip ratio .9
-shoulder-to-hip ratio 1.2
-resources must make up for lack of height
Females
-baby face w/ sign of maturity (defined jaw line/cheekbones)
-waist 30% smaller hips
-average weight is more attractive than overweight/underweight
-larger breasts don't add to attractiveness if women is stocky
evolutionary reasons Physical attractiveness preferred - Answers - -symmetrical faces
usually have symmetrical bodies= greater physical/mental health
-symmetrical women high levels of estradiol= greater fertility
-hormones affect body ratios/desirable waist-to-hip ratios= easier pregnancies
-exotic dancers make more $ when ovulating
