NUR 635 Advanced Pharmacology Midterm Exam
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NUR 635 Final Review Pharm Questions Weeks 1-6 NUR 635 Final Review Tyler/Sarhan NU
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Terms in this set (334)
Pharmacology the study of drugs and their structure, targets of action, mechanisms of action
(MOA), distribution (how the body disburses them throughout the body),
desired physiologic effects (efficacy) and undesirable side effects (toxicity).
Pharmacokinetics includes the following: ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination).
Pharmacokinetics is... How the body effects the drug
Absorption absorption from the administration site either directly or indirectly into the
blood/plasma.
Distribution reversibly/irreversibly movement of drug from the bloodstream into the
interstitial and intracellular fluid.
Metabolism drug biotransformation via metabolic pathways, primarily the liver, or by other
tissues.
Elimination how parent drug & its metabolites are eliminated from the body
, Absorption factors · Gastrointestinal pH changes
· Gastric emptying
· Gastric/intestinal enzymes
· Bile acids & biliary function
· Gastrointestinal flora (type and quantity of bacteria)
· Food & nutrient interactions (most common interaction influencing GI drug
absorption)
· Lipid solubility of the drug
Distribution factors · Membrane permeability: Cross membranes to site of action
· Blood brain barrier reduces the speed of drug passage into and out of brain
tissue
· Plasma protein binding: drugs bound to plasma proteins do not cross
membranes (Note: Malnutrition = âalbumin = á free drug = greater
pharmacologic response)
· Aging cause a reduction in production of plasma proteins
· Lipophilicity of drug: lipophilic drugs concentrate in adipose tissue; remain in
the body for a longer period of time
Volume of distribution · Body Composition
- Increased Total body water and extracellular fluid
-Decreased Adipose tissue and skeletal muscle
· Protein Binding (changes with aging)
-Albumin, bilirubin, a1-acid glycoprotein
-Albumin affected by nutrition
-Low albumin (hypoalbuminemia) can cause less protein-bound drug reaching
the tissue site of action.
· Tissue Binding
- Compositional changes
Metabolism factors o Drugs can undergo metabolism in the lungs, blood, liver, intestines and
kidney
o Volatile drugs are primarily excreted by the lungs
· The body changes drugs to more or less active forms (metabolites), increases
water solubility to increase elimination.
Phase 1 Metabolism · Cytochrome P450 system
· Located within the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes.
· Through electron transport chain, a drug bound to the CYP450 system
undergoes oxidation or reduction.
· Drug metabolism in the liver is also affected by:
-Enzyme induction
- Drug interactions
COMPREHENSIVE questions answered, 2025 verified
graded A+ already passed!
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Students also studied
Flashcard sets Study guides
NUR 635 Final Review Pharm Questions Weeks 1-6 NUR 635 Final Review Tyler/Sarhan NU
158 terms 592 terms 177 terms 75
Liz_Sparks8 Preview cpfund Preview cbabbelw Preview
Terms in this set (334)
Pharmacology the study of drugs and their structure, targets of action, mechanisms of action
(MOA), distribution (how the body disburses them throughout the body),
desired physiologic effects (efficacy) and undesirable side effects (toxicity).
Pharmacokinetics includes the following: ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination).
Pharmacokinetics is... How the body effects the drug
Absorption absorption from the administration site either directly or indirectly into the
blood/plasma.
Distribution reversibly/irreversibly movement of drug from the bloodstream into the
interstitial and intracellular fluid.
Metabolism drug biotransformation via metabolic pathways, primarily the liver, or by other
tissues.
Elimination how parent drug & its metabolites are eliminated from the body
, Absorption factors · Gastrointestinal pH changes
· Gastric emptying
· Gastric/intestinal enzymes
· Bile acids & biliary function
· Gastrointestinal flora (type and quantity of bacteria)
· Food & nutrient interactions (most common interaction influencing GI drug
absorption)
· Lipid solubility of the drug
Distribution factors · Membrane permeability: Cross membranes to site of action
· Blood brain barrier reduces the speed of drug passage into and out of brain
tissue
· Plasma protein binding: drugs bound to plasma proteins do not cross
membranes (Note: Malnutrition = âalbumin = á free drug = greater
pharmacologic response)
· Aging cause a reduction in production of plasma proteins
· Lipophilicity of drug: lipophilic drugs concentrate in adipose tissue; remain in
the body for a longer period of time
Volume of distribution · Body Composition
- Increased Total body water and extracellular fluid
-Decreased Adipose tissue and skeletal muscle
· Protein Binding (changes with aging)
-Albumin, bilirubin, a1-acid glycoprotein
-Albumin affected by nutrition
-Low albumin (hypoalbuminemia) can cause less protein-bound drug reaching
the tissue site of action.
· Tissue Binding
- Compositional changes
Metabolism factors o Drugs can undergo metabolism in the lungs, blood, liver, intestines and
kidney
o Volatile drugs are primarily excreted by the lungs
· The body changes drugs to more or less active forms (metabolites), increases
water solubility to increase elimination.
Phase 1 Metabolism · Cytochrome P450 system
· Located within the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes.
· Through electron transport chain, a drug bound to the CYP450 system
undergoes oxidation or reduction.
· Drug metabolism in the liver is also affected by:
-Enzyme induction
- Drug interactions
