TIONS AND WELL DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS|GRADED A+|NEW-
Social Learning Theory - ANSWER A theory of learning process and social behavior which
proposes that new behaviors can be acquired by observing and imitating others; Bandura
Assumptions of social learning theory: - ANSWER - Media have cultivating power
- Humans are self-reflective and are capable of reflecting upon the appropriateness of be-
havior
- Observational learning through modeling
Modeling - ANSWER Taking note of what others do
Example of Modeling - ANSWER In the Pretty Women dinner scene, the character doesn't
know how to act at a fancy dinner and follows others' behavior
The Observational Learning Process - ANSWER Attention, retention, reproduction, moti-
vation
Direct motivation - ANSWER When you perceive you will be rewarded as a consequence
of modeling an observed behavior
Vicarious Motivation - ANSWER Motivation by the success of others who are similar to
you
Self-Produced Motivation - ANSWER Often the strongest type of motivation; relies on
personal standards to decide whether to engage in behaviors
1
, Bobo doll experiment - ANSWER Nursery school students observed an adult play aggres-
sively (yelling & hitting) with an inflatable clown (Bobo); when children were later allowed to
play with the Bobo, those children who witnesses the Bobo doll performed the same aggres-
sive actions and improvised new ways of playing aggressively
Selective Exposure - ANSWER The process by which individuals screen out messages that
do not conform to their own beliefs
- Also known as congeniality or confirmation bias
Why does selective exposure occur? - ANSWER - Cognitively easier
- Moods/emotions
- Motivated reasoning + seeking validation
- A way to reduce cognitive dissonance
Types of Selective Exposure - ANSWER - News/entertainment
- Messages about different issues
- Specific mediums
What moderates selective exposure? - ANSWER - Individual characteristics
- Certainty of attitudes
- Strength of attitudes
- Political Knowledge
Environmental characteristics that affect selective exposure - ANSWER - Information ut-
liity
- Number of available choices
- More likely to expose oneself to information presented all at once
- Social context
2
Social Learning Theory - ANSWER A theory of learning process and social behavior which
proposes that new behaviors can be acquired by observing and imitating others; Bandura
Assumptions of social learning theory: - ANSWER - Media have cultivating power
- Humans are self-reflective and are capable of reflecting upon the appropriateness of be-
havior
- Observational learning through modeling
Modeling - ANSWER Taking note of what others do
Example of Modeling - ANSWER In the Pretty Women dinner scene, the character doesn't
know how to act at a fancy dinner and follows others' behavior
The Observational Learning Process - ANSWER Attention, retention, reproduction, moti-
vation
Direct motivation - ANSWER When you perceive you will be rewarded as a consequence
of modeling an observed behavior
Vicarious Motivation - ANSWER Motivation by the success of others who are similar to
you
Self-Produced Motivation - ANSWER Often the strongest type of motivation; relies on
personal standards to decide whether to engage in behaviors
1
, Bobo doll experiment - ANSWER Nursery school students observed an adult play aggres-
sively (yelling & hitting) with an inflatable clown (Bobo); when children were later allowed to
play with the Bobo, those children who witnesses the Bobo doll performed the same aggres-
sive actions and improvised new ways of playing aggressively
Selective Exposure - ANSWER The process by which individuals screen out messages that
do not conform to their own beliefs
- Also known as congeniality or confirmation bias
Why does selective exposure occur? - ANSWER - Cognitively easier
- Moods/emotions
- Motivated reasoning + seeking validation
- A way to reduce cognitive dissonance
Types of Selective Exposure - ANSWER - News/entertainment
- Messages about different issues
- Specific mediums
What moderates selective exposure? - ANSWER - Individual characteristics
- Certainty of attitudes
- Strength of attitudes
- Political Knowledge
Environmental characteristics that affect selective exposure - ANSWER - Information ut-
liity
- Number of available choices
- More likely to expose oneself to information presented all at once
- Social context
2
