BIO 251 FINAL REVIEW |NEW AND UPDATED 2026
|WITH VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS!!!
The germ theory of disease states that
Microbes can be and sometimes are the cause of disease
Out of the following which structure would a vegetative prokaryotic cell
use to attach to a surface?
Fimbriae
What is the term used to describe a microbe's movement in response to
light in the environment?
Phototaxis
What do endospores allow bacteria to do?
protect the chromosome during harsh/unfavorable conditions
Which of the following is found in eukaryotic membranes but not typically
found in prokaryotic membranes?
sterols
Which two types of organisms are prokaryotes?
bacteria and archaea
Which type of cell has teichoic acid in it?
Gram positive
A bacterium has genes that allow it to make a pigment (color) that is
helpful but not necessary to survive. Where will these genes most likely
be found?
,a plasmid
Viruses can only use double stranded RNA or single stranded DNA as their
genetic material.
True
What is the name of the molecule that makes up the cell wall in bacteria?
peptidoglycan
What is the name for a chain of round bacteria?
Streptococci
What is the function of spikes in an enveloped virus?
they help the virus attach to the host cell
What does the word "receptor" refer to when we are talking about
viruses?
a protein on the surface of a host cell to which the virus attaches
If a prokaryote suddenly lost its cytoskeleton which of the following could
be affected? Mark all that apply.
the structure of the cell wall/placement of peptidoglycan
cell division
metabolic reactions
Why might a helminth lack a digestive system?
it may absorb all its nutrients from a host
At the end of a correctly done Gram stain a Gram positive cell will
stain____while a Gram negative cell will stain _____.
purple, pink
, What process do we use on liquids to reduce the number of microbes and
make them safe to drink?
Pasteurization
What does "acellular" mean?
without cells
The prokaryotic ribosome is 80S
False
Your patient came to you in March with a viral infection. She came back
to see you in July because she still was not feeling better. When you
measured the level of virus in her body you noticed they had risen
significantly since March. Out of the following options which type of viral
infection is she most likely to have (remember pick the best answer)?
persistent
If you just want to provide some color to a microbe to see it under the
microscope you should use a _________ stain whereas if you want to be
able to start telling the differences between microbes you should use a
_____________ stain.
simple, differential
The organism you are working with is forming hyphae. What type of
organism is it?
an algae
a prion
a mold
|WITH VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS!!!
The germ theory of disease states that
Microbes can be and sometimes are the cause of disease
Out of the following which structure would a vegetative prokaryotic cell
use to attach to a surface?
Fimbriae
What is the term used to describe a microbe's movement in response to
light in the environment?
Phototaxis
What do endospores allow bacteria to do?
protect the chromosome during harsh/unfavorable conditions
Which of the following is found in eukaryotic membranes but not typically
found in prokaryotic membranes?
sterols
Which two types of organisms are prokaryotes?
bacteria and archaea
Which type of cell has teichoic acid in it?
Gram positive
A bacterium has genes that allow it to make a pigment (color) that is
helpful but not necessary to survive. Where will these genes most likely
be found?
,a plasmid
Viruses can only use double stranded RNA or single stranded DNA as their
genetic material.
True
What is the name of the molecule that makes up the cell wall in bacteria?
peptidoglycan
What is the name for a chain of round bacteria?
Streptococci
What is the function of spikes in an enveloped virus?
they help the virus attach to the host cell
What does the word "receptor" refer to when we are talking about
viruses?
a protein on the surface of a host cell to which the virus attaches
If a prokaryote suddenly lost its cytoskeleton which of the following could
be affected? Mark all that apply.
the structure of the cell wall/placement of peptidoglycan
cell division
metabolic reactions
Why might a helminth lack a digestive system?
it may absorb all its nutrients from a host
At the end of a correctly done Gram stain a Gram positive cell will
stain____while a Gram negative cell will stain _____.
purple, pink
, What process do we use on liquids to reduce the number of microbes and
make them safe to drink?
Pasteurization
What does "acellular" mean?
without cells
The prokaryotic ribosome is 80S
False
Your patient came to you in March with a viral infection. She came back
to see you in July because she still was not feeling better. When you
measured the level of virus in her body you noticed they had risen
significantly since March. Out of the following options which type of viral
infection is she most likely to have (remember pick the best answer)?
persistent
If you just want to provide some color to a microbe to see it under the
microscope you should use a _________ stain whereas if you want to be
able to start telling the differences between microbes you should use a
_____________ stain.
simple, differential
The organism you are working with is forming hyphae. What type of
organism is it?
an algae
a prion
a mold
