Bio 1001 Exam 1 (Paul, LSU) Questions
With Verified Answers
List the following from smallest to largest: ecosystem, atom, community,
molecule, species, cell, population, tissues, organism, biosphere, organs, organ
system. - ANSWER Atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ system,
organism, species, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere
Describe an ionic bond and give an example. - ANSWER Electrons being
transferred between any atoms. Ex. NaCl
Describe a covalent bond and give an exmaple. - ANSWER Electrons being
shared between two or more atoms. Ex. CO2
Describe a nonpolar bond and give an example. - ANSWER Electrons that are
shared equally between bonds.
Describe a polar bond and give an example. - ANSWER Electrons that are
shared unequally between bonds. Ex. H2O
Describe a hydrogen bond and give an example. - ANSWER Bonds between a
slightly positive hydrogen and a nearby slightly negative oxygen or nitrogen. Ex.
H2O-H2O
The structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes. It has a membrane
around it and is where RNA is made from the DNA in the chromosomes. -
ANSWER Nucleus
Minute particles consisting of RNA and associated proteins found in large
numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind mRNA and transfer RNA to
synthesize polypeptides and proteins. - ANSWER Ribosomes
A structure within or outside a cell consisting of liquid or cytoplasm enclosed by
a lipid bilayer. They form naturally during the processes of secretion
(exocytosis), uptake (endocytosis), and the transport of materials within the
plasma membrane. - ANSWER Vesicle
Manufacturer of lipids and in some cases to the metabolism of them and
associated products. - ANSWER Smooth ER
,A membraneous organelle that has a large surface area covered in ribosomes. -
ANSWER Rough ER
A complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most
eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport. - ANSWER
Golgi Apparatus
Membrane-enclosed organelles that contain an array of enzymes capable of
breaking down all types of biological polymers. - ANSWER Lysosomes
An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical
processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has a double
membrane, the inner layer being folded inward to form layers (cristae) -
ANSWER Mitochondria
What are the four macromolecules we discussed? - ANSWER Carbs, lipids,
protein, and nucleic acids.
What do carbs do? - ANSWER Energy storage via sugar. Ex. cellulose, starch,
rice, glucose.
What do proteins do? - ANSWER transports materials, enzymatic activity, and
cell signaling. Ex. insulin and keratin.
What do lipids do? - ANSWER Energy storage via fat. Ex. butter, cholesterol fat,
and oils.
What do nucleic acids do? - ANSWER Codes for genetic information. Ex. DNA
and RNA
A protein that transports molecules is a __________. - ANSWER Transport protein
Something attracted to water is ________. - ANSWER Hydrophilic
A structure that helps cells maintain their shape is the __________. - ANSWER
Cytoskeleton
Something that repels water is ________. - ANSWER Hydrophobic
A lipid connected to a carbohydrate is a _______. - ANSWER Glycolipid
A protein that binds a certain molecule is a _________. - ANSWER Receptor
protein
A protein that speeds up a reaction is a(n) _________. - ANSWER Enzyme
, The movement of water molecules from a solution with a high concentration of
water molecules to a solution with a lower concentration of water molecules,
through a cell's partially permeable membrane. - ANSWER Osmosis
The process by which molecules, atoms, or ions diffuse through a
semipermeable membrane down their concentration gradient without the
assistance of transporter proteins. - ANSWER Simple diffusion
The passive movement of molecules along the concentration gradient. -
ANSWER Facilitated diffusion
A process that involves the movement of molecules from a region of lower
concentration to a region of higher concentration against a gradient or an
obstacle with the use of external energy. - ANSWER Active transport
The process by which cells take in substances from outside of the cell by
engulfing them in a vesicle. - ANSWER Endocytosis
The process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior
through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane. - ANSWER
Exocytosis
A substance that cannot be broken down or converted to similar substances by
ordinary chemical reactions. - ANSWER Element
The smallest unit of an element that retain the properties of the element. -
ANSWER Atoms
A process that forms and breaks chemical bonds that hold atoms together in
molecules. - ANSWER Chemical reaction
A subatomic particle that is found in the nuclei of atoms, bears no charge and
has a mass approximately equal to that of a proton. - ANSWER Neutron
A subatomic particle that is found in the nuclei of atoms; it bears a unit of
positive charge and has a relatively large mass, roughly equal to the mass of a
neutron. - ANSWER Proton
A subatomic particle found in an electron shell outside the nucleus of an atom,
that bears a unit of negative charge and very little mass. - ANSWER Electron
The central part of an atom that contains protons and neutrons. - ANSWER
Atomic nucleus
With Verified Answers
List the following from smallest to largest: ecosystem, atom, community,
molecule, species, cell, population, tissues, organism, biosphere, organs, organ
system. - ANSWER Atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ system,
organism, species, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere
Describe an ionic bond and give an example. - ANSWER Electrons being
transferred between any atoms. Ex. NaCl
Describe a covalent bond and give an exmaple. - ANSWER Electrons being
shared between two or more atoms. Ex. CO2
Describe a nonpolar bond and give an example. - ANSWER Electrons that are
shared equally between bonds.
Describe a polar bond and give an example. - ANSWER Electrons that are
shared unequally between bonds. Ex. H2O
Describe a hydrogen bond and give an example. - ANSWER Bonds between a
slightly positive hydrogen and a nearby slightly negative oxygen or nitrogen. Ex.
H2O-H2O
The structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes. It has a membrane
around it and is where RNA is made from the DNA in the chromosomes. -
ANSWER Nucleus
Minute particles consisting of RNA and associated proteins found in large
numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind mRNA and transfer RNA to
synthesize polypeptides and proteins. - ANSWER Ribosomes
A structure within or outside a cell consisting of liquid or cytoplasm enclosed by
a lipid bilayer. They form naturally during the processes of secretion
(exocytosis), uptake (endocytosis), and the transport of materials within the
plasma membrane. - ANSWER Vesicle
Manufacturer of lipids and in some cases to the metabolism of them and
associated products. - ANSWER Smooth ER
,A membraneous organelle that has a large surface area covered in ribosomes. -
ANSWER Rough ER
A complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most
eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport. - ANSWER
Golgi Apparatus
Membrane-enclosed organelles that contain an array of enzymes capable of
breaking down all types of biological polymers. - ANSWER Lysosomes
An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical
processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has a double
membrane, the inner layer being folded inward to form layers (cristae) -
ANSWER Mitochondria
What are the four macromolecules we discussed? - ANSWER Carbs, lipids,
protein, and nucleic acids.
What do carbs do? - ANSWER Energy storage via sugar. Ex. cellulose, starch,
rice, glucose.
What do proteins do? - ANSWER transports materials, enzymatic activity, and
cell signaling. Ex. insulin and keratin.
What do lipids do? - ANSWER Energy storage via fat. Ex. butter, cholesterol fat,
and oils.
What do nucleic acids do? - ANSWER Codes for genetic information. Ex. DNA
and RNA
A protein that transports molecules is a __________. - ANSWER Transport protein
Something attracted to water is ________. - ANSWER Hydrophilic
A structure that helps cells maintain their shape is the __________. - ANSWER
Cytoskeleton
Something that repels water is ________. - ANSWER Hydrophobic
A lipid connected to a carbohydrate is a _______. - ANSWER Glycolipid
A protein that binds a certain molecule is a _________. - ANSWER Receptor
protein
A protein that speeds up a reaction is a(n) _________. - ANSWER Enzyme
, The movement of water molecules from a solution with a high concentration of
water molecules to a solution with a lower concentration of water molecules,
through a cell's partially permeable membrane. - ANSWER Osmosis
The process by which molecules, atoms, or ions diffuse through a
semipermeable membrane down their concentration gradient without the
assistance of transporter proteins. - ANSWER Simple diffusion
The passive movement of molecules along the concentration gradient. -
ANSWER Facilitated diffusion
A process that involves the movement of molecules from a region of lower
concentration to a region of higher concentration against a gradient or an
obstacle with the use of external energy. - ANSWER Active transport
The process by which cells take in substances from outside of the cell by
engulfing them in a vesicle. - ANSWER Endocytosis
The process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior
through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane. - ANSWER
Exocytosis
A substance that cannot be broken down or converted to similar substances by
ordinary chemical reactions. - ANSWER Element
The smallest unit of an element that retain the properties of the element. -
ANSWER Atoms
A process that forms and breaks chemical bonds that hold atoms together in
molecules. - ANSWER Chemical reaction
A subatomic particle that is found in the nuclei of atoms, bears no charge and
has a mass approximately equal to that of a proton. - ANSWER Neutron
A subatomic particle that is found in the nuclei of atoms; it bears a unit of
positive charge and has a relatively large mass, roughly equal to the mass of a
neutron. - ANSWER Proton
A subatomic particle found in an electron shell outside the nucleus of an atom,
that bears a unit of negative charge and very little mass. - ANSWER Electron
The central part of an atom that contains protons and neutrons. - ANSWER
Atomic nucleus
