Chamberlain University NR-293 Pharmacology Exam 2 (pdf) |
2026/2027 | Pharm Q&A |
1. A nurse is teaching a client about ACE inhibitors. Which adverse effect
should the nurse include in the teaching?
A) Constipation
B) Persistent dry cough
C) Weight gain
D) Hearing loss
Correct Answer: Persistent dry cough
Rationale: ACE inhibitors, such as lisinopril, increase bradykinin levels, which
commonly cause a persistent dry cough. This cough is often the reason
clients discontinue the medication. Constipation, weight gain, and hearing
loss are not typical adverse effects of ACE inhibitors.
2. A client is prescribed spironolactone. Which laboratory value should the
nurse monitor closely?
A) Serum sodium
B) Serum potassium
C) Serum calcium
D) Serum magnesium
Correct Answer: Serum potassium
Rationale: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that can cause
hyperkalemia. Monitoring serum potassium levels is essential to prevent life-
threatening cardiac arrhythmias. The other electrolytes are not the primary
concern with this medication.
,3. A client taking warfarin asks the nurse which foods to avoid. Which food
should the nurse identify as having the greatest potential to interfere with
warfarin therapy?
A) Bananas
B) Milk
C) Spinach
D) Chicken
Correct Answer: Spinach
Rationale: Spinach is high in vitamin K, which can reduce the anticoagulant
effect of warfarin. Clients taking warfarin should maintain a consistent intake
of vitamin K-rich foods. Bananas, milk, and chicken do not significantly
interact with warfarin.
4. A nurse is reviewing a client's medication list. Which medication is
classified as a beta-blocker?
A) Lisinopril
B) Metoprolol
C) Losartan
D) Diltiazem
Correct Answer: Metoprolol
Rationale: Metoprolol is a beta-1 selective blocker that decreases heart rate
and blood pressure. Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor, Losartan is an ARB, and
Diltiazem is a calcium channel blocker.
5. A client with angina is prescribed nitroglycerin sublingual tablets. Which
instruction should the nurse include in the teaching?
,A) "Swallow the tablet whole with a glass of water."
B) "Place the tablet under your tongue and let it dissolve."
C) "Chew the tablet thoroughly before swallowing."
D) "Apply the tablet to your chest wall."
Correct Answer: "Place the tablet under your tongue and let it dissolve."
Rationale: Sublingual nitroglycerin is administered by placing the tablet
under the tongue and allowing it to dissolve for rapid absorption into the
bloodstream. Swallowing, chewing, or applying it to the chest would not
provide the intended rapid relief for acute angina.
6. Which of the following electrolyte imbalances increases the risk of digoxin
toxicity?
A) Hypernatremia
B) Hypokalemia
C) Hypercalcemia
D) Hypermagnesemia
Correct Answer: Hypokalemia
Rationale: Low potassium levels (hypokalemia) enhance digoxin binding to
cardiac cells, increasing the risk of toxicity. Clients taking digoxin should
have their potassium levels closely monitored. Other electrolyte imbalances
are not as directly linked to digoxin toxicity.
7. A client prescribed simvastatin asks the nurse about the timing of the
medication. Which instruction is correct?
A) "Take it in the morning with breakfast."
, B) "Take it with dinner or at bedtime, as the liver produces cholesterol at
night."
C) "Take it on an empty stomach, 1 hour before meals."
D) "Take it only when you remember, as it is not a critical medication."
Correct Answer: "Take it with dinner or at bedtime, as the liver produces
cholesterol at night."
Rationale: Statins like simvastatin are most effective when taken with the
evening meal or at bedtime because the liver synthesizes cholesterol
primarily during the night. Taking it at this time enhances the drug's
effectiveness in lowering cholesterol.
8. A nurse is monitoring a client taking a statin. Which adverse effect is most
concerning and requires immediate reporting?
A) Muscle pain and weakness
B) Headache
C) Nausea
D) Dizziness
Correct Answer: Muscle pain and weakness
Rationale: Statins can cause rhabdomyolysis, a serious condition involving
muscle breakdown that can lead to kidney damage. Muscle pain and
weakness, especially when accompanied by elevated creatine kinase (CK)
levels, require immediate medical evaluation. The other options are less
serious side effects.
9. A client is prescribed cholestyramine for hyperlipidemia. Which instruction
should the nurse include regarding administration?
2026/2027 | Pharm Q&A |
1. A nurse is teaching a client about ACE inhibitors. Which adverse effect
should the nurse include in the teaching?
A) Constipation
B) Persistent dry cough
C) Weight gain
D) Hearing loss
Correct Answer: Persistent dry cough
Rationale: ACE inhibitors, such as lisinopril, increase bradykinin levels, which
commonly cause a persistent dry cough. This cough is often the reason
clients discontinue the medication. Constipation, weight gain, and hearing
loss are not typical adverse effects of ACE inhibitors.
2. A client is prescribed spironolactone. Which laboratory value should the
nurse monitor closely?
A) Serum sodium
B) Serum potassium
C) Serum calcium
D) Serum magnesium
Correct Answer: Serum potassium
Rationale: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that can cause
hyperkalemia. Monitoring serum potassium levels is essential to prevent life-
threatening cardiac arrhythmias. The other electrolytes are not the primary
concern with this medication.
,3. A client taking warfarin asks the nurse which foods to avoid. Which food
should the nurse identify as having the greatest potential to interfere with
warfarin therapy?
A) Bananas
B) Milk
C) Spinach
D) Chicken
Correct Answer: Spinach
Rationale: Spinach is high in vitamin K, which can reduce the anticoagulant
effect of warfarin. Clients taking warfarin should maintain a consistent intake
of vitamin K-rich foods. Bananas, milk, and chicken do not significantly
interact with warfarin.
4. A nurse is reviewing a client's medication list. Which medication is
classified as a beta-blocker?
A) Lisinopril
B) Metoprolol
C) Losartan
D) Diltiazem
Correct Answer: Metoprolol
Rationale: Metoprolol is a beta-1 selective blocker that decreases heart rate
and blood pressure. Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor, Losartan is an ARB, and
Diltiazem is a calcium channel blocker.
5. A client with angina is prescribed nitroglycerin sublingual tablets. Which
instruction should the nurse include in the teaching?
,A) "Swallow the tablet whole with a glass of water."
B) "Place the tablet under your tongue and let it dissolve."
C) "Chew the tablet thoroughly before swallowing."
D) "Apply the tablet to your chest wall."
Correct Answer: "Place the tablet under your tongue and let it dissolve."
Rationale: Sublingual nitroglycerin is administered by placing the tablet
under the tongue and allowing it to dissolve for rapid absorption into the
bloodstream. Swallowing, chewing, or applying it to the chest would not
provide the intended rapid relief for acute angina.
6. Which of the following electrolyte imbalances increases the risk of digoxin
toxicity?
A) Hypernatremia
B) Hypokalemia
C) Hypercalcemia
D) Hypermagnesemia
Correct Answer: Hypokalemia
Rationale: Low potassium levels (hypokalemia) enhance digoxin binding to
cardiac cells, increasing the risk of toxicity. Clients taking digoxin should
have their potassium levels closely monitored. Other electrolyte imbalances
are not as directly linked to digoxin toxicity.
7. A client prescribed simvastatin asks the nurse about the timing of the
medication. Which instruction is correct?
A) "Take it in the morning with breakfast."
, B) "Take it with dinner or at bedtime, as the liver produces cholesterol at
night."
C) "Take it on an empty stomach, 1 hour before meals."
D) "Take it only when you remember, as it is not a critical medication."
Correct Answer: "Take it with dinner or at bedtime, as the liver produces
cholesterol at night."
Rationale: Statins like simvastatin are most effective when taken with the
evening meal or at bedtime because the liver synthesizes cholesterol
primarily during the night. Taking it at this time enhances the drug's
effectiveness in lowering cholesterol.
8. A nurse is monitoring a client taking a statin. Which adverse effect is most
concerning and requires immediate reporting?
A) Muscle pain and weakness
B) Headache
C) Nausea
D) Dizziness
Correct Answer: Muscle pain and weakness
Rationale: Statins can cause rhabdomyolysis, a serious condition involving
muscle breakdown that can lead to kidney damage. Muscle pain and
weakness, especially when accompanied by elevated creatine kinase (CK)
levels, require immediate medical evaluation. The other options are less
serious side effects.
9. A client is prescribed cholestyramine for hyperlipidemia. Which instruction
should the nurse include regarding administration?
