Pathophysiology Exam 2 Review 100+
Multiple Choice Questions And Bold Italic
Answers 100% Correct| 2026/2027 |
upgraded | Pathophysiology Exam 2
Where does red blood cell (RBC) production occur? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-In
the bone marrow.
What stimulates the release of erythropoietin (EPO)? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-
Hypoxia.
What is the sequence of RBC development starting from hematopoietic stem
cells? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-Hematopoietic stem cell → Myeloid progenitor →
Proerythroblast → Reticulocyte → Mature erythrocyte.
What are the requirements for erythropoiesis? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-Iron for
hemoglobin synthesis, Vitamin B12 and Folate for DNA synthesis, and EPO for
proliferation signal.
What does a high reticulocyte count indicate? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-
Hemolysis or blood loss.
,What does a low reticulocyte count indicate? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-Bone
marrow suppression or deficiency.
What is the classification of anemia based on MCV? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-<80
= microcytic, 80-100 = normocytic, >100 = macrocytic.
What are common causes of microcytic anemia? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-Iron
deficiency, Thalassemia, Anemia of chronic disease (late).
What are common causes of macrocytic anemia? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-
Vitamin B12 deficiency, Folate deficiency, Alcohol use, Liver disease.
What is Polycythemia Vera? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-A myeloproliferative
neoplasm caused by JAK2 mutation leading to autonomous RBC production.
What are the symptoms of Polycythemia Vera? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-
Headache, dizziness, pruritus (especially after warm showers), splenomegaly.
What is the role of Vitamin B12 in the body? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-DNA
synthesis and myelin formation.
What are the neurologic signs of Vitamin B12 deficiency? - ✅🌹CORRECT
ANSWER-Paresthesia, loss of vibration sense, ataxia.
What is the mechanism of Anemia of Chronic Disease (ACD)? - ✅🌹CORRECT
ANSWER-Inflammation leads to increased IL-6, which increases Hepcidin, blocking
iron release from macrophages.
, What are Reed-Sternberg cells? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-Large, bilobed 'owl-eye'
cells seen in Hodgkin lymphoma, which are malignant B cells.
What causes Sickle Cell Crisis? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-A mutation in the beta-
globin gene leading to HbS polymerization under hypoxia.
What are the complications of Sickle Cell Crisis? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-Stroke,
organ infarction, infection (functional asplenia).
What differentiates Aplastic Anemia from Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)? -
✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-Aplastic Anemia has hypocellular marrow with no
abnormal cells, while MDS has hypercellular marrow with dysplastic cells.
What is a proto-oncogene? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-A normal growth-promoting
gene that can become an oncogene through mutation, leading to uncontrolled
proliferation.
What is the function of Growth Hormone (GH)? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-
Stimulates the liver to produce IGF-1.
What are the lab findings in SIADH? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-Low serum sodium,
low serum osmolality, high urine osmolality, euvolemic hyponatremia.
What are the lab findings in Diabetes Insipidus? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-High
serum sodium, low urine osmolality, polyuria.
Multiple Choice Questions And Bold Italic
Answers 100% Correct| 2026/2027 |
upgraded | Pathophysiology Exam 2
Where does red blood cell (RBC) production occur? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-In
the bone marrow.
What stimulates the release of erythropoietin (EPO)? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-
Hypoxia.
What is the sequence of RBC development starting from hematopoietic stem
cells? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-Hematopoietic stem cell → Myeloid progenitor →
Proerythroblast → Reticulocyte → Mature erythrocyte.
What are the requirements for erythropoiesis? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-Iron for
hemoglobin synthesis, Vitamin B12 and Folate for DNA synthesis, and EPO for
proliferation signal.
What does a high reticulocyte count indicate? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-
Hemolysis or blood loss.
,What does a low reticulocyte count indicate? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-Bone
marrow suppression or deficiency.
What is the classification of anemia based on MCV? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-<80
= microcytic, 80-100 = normocytic, >100 = macrocytic.
What are common causes of microcytic anemia? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-Iron
deficiency, Thalassemia, Anemia of chronic disease (late).
What are common causes of macrocytic anemia? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-
Vitamin B12 deficiency, Folate deficiency, Alcohol use, Liver disease.
What is Polycythemia Vera? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-A myeloproliferative
neoplasm caused by JAK2 mutation leading to autonomous RBC production.
What are the symptoms of Polycythemia Vera? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-
Headache, dizziness, pruritus (especially after warm showers), splenomegaly.
What is the role of Vitamin B12 in the body? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-DNA
synthesis and myelin formation.
What are the neurologic signs of Vitamin B12 deficiency? - ✅🌹CORRECT
ANSWER-Paresthesia, loss of vibration sense, ataxia.
What is the mechanism of Anemia of Chronic Disease (ACD)? - ✅🌹CORRECT
ANSWER-Inflammation leads to increased IL-6, which increases Hepcidin, blocking
iron release from macrophages.
, What are Reed-Sternberg cells? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-Large, bilobed 'owl-eye'
cells seen in Hodgkin lymphoma, which are malignant B cells.
What causes Sickle Cell Crisis? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-A mutation in the beta-
globin gene leading to HbS polymerization under hypoxia.
What are the complications of Sickle Cell Crisis? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-Stroke,
organ infarction, infection (functional asplenia).
What differentiates Aplastic Anemia from Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)? -
✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-Aplastic Anemia has hypocellular marrow with no
abnormal cells, while MDS has hypercellular marrow with dysplastic cells.
What is a proto-oncogene? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-A normal growth-promoting
gene that can become an oncogene through mutation, leading to uncontrolled
proliferation.
What is the function of Growth Hormone (GH)? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-
Stimulates the liver to produce IGF-1.
What are the lab findings in SIADH? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-Low serum sodium,
low serum osmolality, high urine osmolality, euvolemic hyponatremia.
What are the lab findings in Diabetes Insipidus? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-High
serum sodium, low urine osmolality, polyuria.
