R. NCS T PREP EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
WHAT DESCRIBES AN ATOM IN WHICH THE TOTAL NUMBER OF ELEXTRONS IS
NOT EQUAL TO THE TOTAL NUMBER OF PROTONS, GIVING THE ATOM A NET
POSITIVE OR NET NEGATIVE CHARGE - CORRECT ANSWERS -ION
WHAT IS THE NEGATIVELY CHARGED PARTICLE IN AN ATOM - CORRECT
ANSWERS -ELECTRON
WHAT HAS NEUTRAL PARTICLES, ALONG WITH PROTONS, AND IS FOUND IN
THE NUCLEUS OF AN ATOM - CORRECT ANSWERS -NEUTRON
WHICH PARTICLES OF AN ATOM ARE POSITIVELY CHARGED - CORRECT
ANSWERS -PROTON
WHAT MAKES UP THE ELEMENTS FOUND IN ALL MATTER - CORRECT
ANSWERS -ATOMS
WHAT IS THE VOLTAGE INSIDE THE NERVE CELL MEMBRANE IN A RESTING
MEMBRANE POTENTIAL - CORRECT ANSWERS --90 TO -70mV
WHAT IS THE MAJOR ION OUTSIDE A CELL MEMBRANE - CORRECT ANSWERS -
SODIUM
WHAT IS THE MAJOR ION INSIDE A CELL MEMBRANE - CORRECT ANSWERS -
POTASSIUM
WHAT IS THE PHYSIOLOGICAL TERM FOR WHEN DEPOLARIZATION OCCURS IT
CAUSES A MUSCLE AND/OR NERVE FIBER TO EITHER RESPOND TO A
STIMULUS COMPLETELY IF IT REACHES THRESHOLD OR NO RESPONSE IF THE
DEPOLARIZATION IS INSUFFICIENT TO REACH THRESHOLD - CORRECT
ANSWERS -ALL OR NONE RESPONSE
WHAT DESCRIBES CHANGING FROM A RESTING POTENTIAL OR POLARIZED
STATE TO AN EXCITED STATE - CORRECT ANSWERS -DEPOLARIZATION
WHAT CAUSES THE INSIDE OF THE CELL TO BE MORE POSTITVELY CHARGED
RELATIVE TO ITS RESTING STATE - CORRECT ANSWERS -DEPOLARIZATION?
,WHAT DESCRIBES WHEN NERVE CELLS ARE CHANGED FROM AN EXCITED
STATE BACK TO A RESTING ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL OR POLARIZED STATE -
CORRECT ANSWERS -REPOLARIZATION
WHAT CAUSES THE INSIDE OF THE CELL TO BE MORE NEGATIVELY CHARGED
RELATIVE TO ITS RESTING STATE - CORRECT ANSWERS -
HYPERPOLARIZATION
DURING THE REPOLARIZATION PHASE, SODIUM CHANNELS BECOME
INACTIVATED AND CANNOT BE OPENED NO MATTER HOW MUCH
DEPOLARIZATION OCCURS, AND NO ACTION POTENTIAL CAN BE GENERATED
NO MATTER HOW STRONG THE STIMULUS. WHAT IS THIS - CORRECT
ANSWERS -ABSOLUTE REFRACTORY PERIOD
IN THE LATER STAGES OF REPOLARIZATION, A BRIEF INCREASE IN THE
PERMEABILITY TO POTASSIUM OCCURS AND THIS RESULTS IN
HYPERPOLARIZING THE MEMBRANE AND RETURNING IT SLOWLY TO ITS
RESTING VALUE DURING WHICH TIME AN INCREASING NUMBER OF SODIUM
CHANNELS CAN BE OPENED. IF YOU GIVE A STRONG STIMULUS, IT MIGHT BE
POSSIBLE FOR ANOTHER ACTION POTENTIAL TO OCCUR. THIS IS KNOWN AS
WHAT - CORRECT ANSWERS -RELATIVE REFRACTORY PERIOD
PROPAGATION OF ACTION POTENTIALS ALONG MYELINATED AXONS FROM
ONE NODE OF RANVIER TO THE NEXT NODE OF RANVIER IS CALLED -
CORRECT ANSWERS -SALTATORY CONDUCTION
WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE CELLS THAT ARE SURROUNDING THE AXON TO
FORM THE MYELIN SHEATH - CORRECT ANSWERS -SCHWANN CELLS
WHAT DESCRIBES THE PERIODIC GAPS IN THE INSULATING SHEATH (MYELIN)
ON THE AXON THROUGH WHICH ION CHANNELS ALLOW THE FLOW OF IONS
ACROSS THE NERVE MEMBRANE - CORRECT ANSWERS -NODES OF RANVIER
THE LENGTH BETWEEN TWO NODES OF RANVIER IS CALLED - CORRECT
ANSWERS -INTERNODAL LENGTH
FORCING SODIUM OUT OF THE CELL AND POTASSIUM IN IS THE FUNCTION OF
WHAT - CORRECT ANSWERS -SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP
WHAT CAN INCREASE OR DECREASE THE CONDUCTION VELOCITY OF A
NERVE - CORRECT ANSWERS -DIAMETER OF THE AXON AND DEGREE OF
MYELINATION
WHAT TYPES OF FIBERS MEDIATE PAIN, TEMPERATURE, AND AUTONOMIC
FUNCTION - CORRECT ANSWERS -UNMYELINATED FIBERS
, NERVE FIBER BUNDLES HAVING A COMMON DESTINATION DESCRIBES -
CORRECT ANSWERS -FASCICLES
EACH INDIVIDUAL FASCICLE IS SURROUNDED BY CONNECTIVE TISSUE
CALLED - CORRECT ANSWERS -PERINEURIUM
WHAT IS THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL AXONS CALLED -
CORRECT ANSWERS -ENDONEURIUM
WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE OUTER SUPPORTIVE LAYER OF CONNECTIVE
TISSUE WHICH SURROUNDS THE WHOLE NERVE AND BINDS FASCICLES TO
EACH OTHER - CORRECT ANSWERS -EPINEURIUM
WHAT TYPES OF NERVE FIBERS ARE MYELINATED - CORRECT ANSWERS -
TYPE A FIBERS-MYELINATED FIBERS OF SOMATIC NERVE THAT CAN
INNERVATE MUSCLE OR SKIN
TYPE B FIBERS-MYELINATED PREGANGLIONIC FIBERS
WHICH TYPE OF NERVE FIBER IS NOT FAST AND WHY - CORRECT ANSWERS -
TYPE C BECAUSE IT IS UNMYELINATED
WHICH NERVE FIBER IS FAST BUT NOT AS FAST AS NERVE FIBER TYPE A -
CORRECT ANSWERS -TYPE B-NOT AS MUCH MYELINATION AS TYPE A
WHAT IS THE COMMUNICATION LINK BETWEEN THE CENTRAL AND
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM - CORRECT ANSWERS -AXONS
WHAT FACTORS ARE IMPORTANT FOR FAST CONDUCTION VELOCITY -
CORRECT ANSWERS -INCREASED DIAMETER AND MYELINATION OF NERVE
FIBERS
WHERE IS THE DORSAL ROOT GANGLION LOCATED - CORRECT ANSWERS -
OUTSIDE OF THE SPINAL CORD
WHERE ARE MOTOR NEURONS LOCATED - CORRECT ANSWERS -GRAY
MATTER OF ANTERIOR HORN IN THE SPINAL CORD
WHAT IS COMPOSED OF SARCOMERES AND IS RESPONSIBLE FOR MUSCLE
CONTRACTION - CORRECT ANSWERS -MYOFIBRIL
A STRUCTURAL SUBUNIT THAT CONTAINS ACTIN AND MYOSIN FILAMENTS -
CORRECT ANSWERS -SARCOMERE
WHICH BAND CONTAINS ONLY ACTIN FILAMENTS - CORRECT ANSWERS -I
BAND
AND ANSWERS
WHAT DESCRIBES AN ATOM IN WHICH THE TOTAL NUMBER OF ELEXTRONS IS
NOT EQUAL TO THE TOTAL NUMBER OF PROTONS, GIVING THE ATOM A NET
POSITIVE OR NET NEGATIVE CHARGE - CORRECT ANSWERS -ION
WHAT IS THE NEGATIVELY CHARGED PARTICLE IN AN ATOM - CORRECT
ANSWERS -ELECTRON
WHAT HAS NEUTRAL PARTICLES, ALONG WITH PROTONS, AND IS FOUND IN
THE NUCLEUS OF AN ATOM - CORRECT ANSWERS -NEUTRON
WHICH PARTICLES OF AN ATOM ARE POSITIVELY CHARGED - CORRECT
ANSWERS -PROTON
WHAT MAKES UP THE ELEMENTS FOUND IN ALL MATTER - CORRECT
ANSWERS -ATOMS
WHAT IS THE VOLTAGE INSIDE THE NERVE CELL MEMBRANE IN A RESTING
MEMBRANE POTENTIAL - CORRECT ANSWERS --90 TO -70mV
WHAT IS THE MAJOR ION OUTSIDE A CELL MEMBRANE - CORRECT ANSWERS -
SODIUM
WHAT IS THE MAJOR ION INSIDE A CELL MEMBRANE - CORRECT ANSWERS -
POTASSIUM
WHAT IS THE PHYSIOLOGICAL TERM FOR WHEN DEPOLARIZATION OCCURS IT
CAUSES A MUSCLE AND/OR NERVE FIBER TO EITHER RESPOND TO A
STIMULUS COMPLETELY IF IT REACHES THRESHOLD OR NO RESPONSE IF THE
DEPOLARIZATION IS INSUFFICIENT TO REACH THRESHOLD - CORRECT
ANSWERS -ALL OR NONE RESPONSE
WHAT DESCRIBES CHANGING FROM A RESTING POTENTIAL OR POLARIZED
STATE TO AN EXCITED STATE - CORRECT ANSWERS -DEPOLARIZATION
WHAT CAUSES THE INSIDE OF THE CELL TO BE MORE POSTITVELY CHARGED
RELATIVE TO ITS RESTING STATE - CORRECT ANSWERS -DEPOLARIZATION?
,WHAT DESCRIBES WHEN NERVE CELLS ARE CHANGED FROM AN EXCITED
STATE BACK TO A RESTING ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL OR POLARIZED STATE -
CORRECT ANSWERS -REPOLARIZATION
WHAT CAUSES THE INSIDE OF THE CELL TO BE MORE NEGATIVELY CHARGED
RELATIVE TO ITS RESTING STATE - CORRECT ANSWERS -
HYPERPOLARIZATION
DURING THE REPOLARIZATION PHASE, SODIUM CHANNELS BECOME
INACTIVATED AND CANNOT BE OPENED NO MATTER HOW MUCH
DEPOLARIZATION OCCURS, AND NO ACTION POTENTIAL CAN BE GENERATED
NO MATTER HOW STRONG THE STIMULUS. WHAT IS THIS - CORRECT
ANSWERS -ABSOLUTE REFRACTORY PERIOD
IN THE LATER STAGES OF REPOLARIZATION, A BRIEF INCREASE IN THE
PERMEABILITY TO POTASSIUM OCCURS AND THIS RESULTS IN
HYPERPOLARIZING THE MEMBRANE AND RETURNING IT SLOWLY TO ITS
RESTING VALUE DURING WHICH TIME AN INCREASING NUMBER OF SODIUM
CHANNELS CAN BE OPENED. IF YOU GIVE A STRONG STIMULUS, IT MIGHT BE
POSSIBLE FOR ANOTHER ACTION POTENTIAL TO OCCUR. THIS IS KNOWN AS
WHAT - CORRECT ANSWERS -RELATIVE REFRACTORY PERIOD
PROPAGATION OF ACTION POTENTIALS ALONG MYELINATED AXONS FROM
ONE NODE OF RANVIER TO THE NEXT NODE OF RANVIER IS CALLED -
CORRECT ANSWERS -SALTATORY CONDUCTION
WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE CELLS THAT ARE SURROUNDING THE AXON TO
FORM THE MYELIN SHEATH - CORRECT ANSWERS -SCHWANN CELLS
WHAT DESCRIBES THE PERIODIC GAPS IN THE INSULATING SHEATH (MYELIN)
ON THE AXON THROUGH WHICH ION CHANNELS ALLOW THE FLOW OF IONS
ACROSS THE NERVE MEMBRANE - CORRECT ANSWERS -NODES OF RANVIER
THE LENGTH BETWEEN TWO NODES OF RANVIER IS CALLED - CORRECT
ANSWERS -INTERNODAL LENGTH
FORCING SODIUM OUT OF THE CELL AND POTASSIUM IN IS THE FUNCTION OF
WHAT - CORRECT ANSWERS -SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP
WHAT CAN INCREASE OR DECREASE THE CONDUCTION VELOCITY OF A
NERVE - CORRECT ANSWERS -DIAMETER OF THE AXON AND DEGREE OF
MYELINATION
WHAT TYPES OF FIBERS MEDIATE PAIN, TEMPERATURE, AND AUTONOMIC
FUNCTION - CORRECT ANSWERS -UNMYELINATED FIBERS
, NERVE FIBER BUNDLES HAVING A COMMON DESTINATION DESCRIBES -
CORRECT ANSWERS -FASCICLES
EACH INDIVIDUAL FASCICLE IS SURROUNDED BY CONNECTIVE TISSUE
CALLED - CORRECT ANSWERS -PERINEURIUM
WHAT IS THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL AXONS CALLED -
CORRECT ANSWERS -ENDONEURIUM
WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE OUTER SUPPORTIVE LAYER OF CONNECTIVE
TISSUE WHICH SURROUNDS THE WHOLE NERVE AND BINDS FASCICLES TO
EACH OTHER - CORRECT ANSWERS -EPINEURIUM
WHAT TYPES OF NERVE FIBERS ARE MYELINATED - CORRECT ANSWERS -
TYPE A FIBERS-MYELINATED FIBERS OF SOMATIC NERVE THAT CAN
INNERVATE MUSCLE OR SKIN
TYPE B FIBERS-MYELINATED PREGANGLIONIC FIBERS
WHICH TYPE OF NERVE FIBER IS NOT FAST AND WHY - CORRECT ANSWERS -
TYPE C BECAUSE IT IS UNMYELINATED
WHICH NERVE FIBER IS FAST BUT NOT AS FAST AS NERVE FIBER TYPE A -
CORRECT ANSWERS -TYPE B-NOT AS MUCH MYELINATION AS TYPE A
WHAT IS THE COMMUNICATION LINK BETWEEN THE CENTRAL AND
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM - CORRECT ANSWERS -AXONS
WHAT FACTORS ARE IMPORTANT FOR FAST CONDUCTION VELOCITY -
CORRECT ANSWERS -INCREASED DIAMETER AND MYELINATION OF NERVE
FIBERS
WHERE IS THE DORSAL ROOT GANGLION LOCATED - CORRECT ANSWERS -
OUTSIDE OF THE SPINAL CORD
WHERE ARE MOTOR NEURONS LOCATED - CORRECT ANSWERS -GRAY
MATTER OF ANTERIOR HORN IN THE SPINAL CORD
WHAT IS COMPOSED OF SARCOMERES AND IS RESPONSIBLE FOR MUSCLE
CONTRACTION - CORRECT ANSWERS -MYOFIBRIL
A STRUCTURAL SUBUNIT THAT CONTAINS ACTIN AND MYOSIN FILAMENTS -
CORRECT ANSWERS -SARCOMERE
WHICH BAND CONTAINS ONLY ACTIN FILAMENTS - CORRECT ANSWERS -I
BAND
