PA EXAM 3 REVIEW GUIDE 2026
VERIFIED QUESTIONS WITH
ACCURATE ANSWERS
◉ What is the difference between primordial, primary, secondary, and
tertiary prevention?
Answer: Primordial: social/economic policies to prevent risk factors;
Primary: preventing disease before it occurs; Secondary: preventing
progression after exposure; Tertiary: rehabilitation to reduce
complications.
◉ What is atherosclerosis?
Answer: The buildup of plaque in the arteries.
◉ What are the nonmodifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease?
Answer: Age and family history.
◉ What are the modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease?
Answer: Physical inactivity, obesity, smoking, dyslipidemia, and
hypertension.
◉ What lipid values are considered high-risk for cardiovascular disease?
Answer: Total cholesterol >200, HDL <40, LDL >130, and triglycerides
>150 mg/dL.
, ◉ How does exercise improve a person's lipid profile?
Answer: It decreases triglycerides and LDL while increasing HDL.
◉ What is the primary difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?
Answer: Type 1 involves no insulin production, while Type 2 involves
insulin resistance.
◉ What is metabolic syndrome?
Answer: A cluster of risk markers including abdominal obesity, high
triglycerides, low HDL, high blood pressure, and high fasting glucose.
◉ What is the function of GLUT4?
Answer: It is a protein transporter required for insulin-stimulated
glucose uptake.
◉ How does exercise affect GLUT4 and insulin sensitivity?
Answer: Exercise increases GLUT4 expression, which improves insulin
sensitivity.
◉ What is the recommended frequency for breaking up sedentary time
to improve glucose levels?
Answer: 2 minutes of light-to-moderate activity every 20-30 minutes.
◉ By what percentage does regular physical activity reduce
cardiovascular disease risk?
VERIFIED QUESTIONS WITH
ACCURATE ANSWERS
◉ What is the difference between primordial, primary, secondary, and
tertiary prevention?
Answer: Primordial: social/economic policies to prevent risk factors;
Primary: preventing disease before it occurs; Secondary: preventing
progression after exposure; Tertiary: rehabilitation to reduce
complications.
◉ What is atherosclerosis?
Answer: The buildup of plaque in the arteries.
◉ What are the nonmodifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease?
Answer: Age and family history.
◉ What are the modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease?
Answer: Physical inactivity, obesity, smoking, dyslipidemia, and
hypertension.
◉ What lipid values are considered high-risk for cardiovascular disease?
Answer: Total cholesterol >200, HDL <40, LDL >130, and triglycerides
>150 mg/dL.
, ◉ How does exercise improve a person's lipid profile?
Answer: It decreases triglycerides and LDL while increasing HDL.
◉ What is the primary difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?
Answer: Type 1 involves no insulin production, while Type 2 involves
insulin resistance.
◉ What is metabolic syndrome?
Answer: A cluster of risk markers including abdominal obesity, high
triglycerides, low HDL, high blood pressure, and high fasting glucose.
◉ What is the function of GLUT4?
Answer: It is a protein transporter required for insulin-stimulated
glucose uptake.
◉ How does exercise affect GLUT4 and insulin sensitivity?
Answer: Exercise increases GLUT4 expression, which improves insulin
sensitivity.
◉ What is the recommended frequency for breaking up sedentary time
to improve glucose levels?
Answer: 2 minutes of light-to-moderate activity every 20-30 minutes.
◉ By what percentage does regular physical activity reduce
cardiovascular disease risk?
