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  • PEARSON (PEARSON)
  • Applied Science 2016 NQF
  • Unit 5 - Principles and Applications of Science II
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BTEC applied science: Unit 5 Biology presentation Urinary system

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Unit 5 - Principles and Applications of Science II
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BTEC Applied Science – Urinary System (Distinction-Level Notes) Comprehensive, easy-to-understand Distinction-level notes covering the urinary system for BTEC Applied Science. These revision notes explain the structure and functions of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, as well as urine formation, nephrons, ultrafiltration, selective reabsorption, homeostasis, osmoregulation, and the role of hormones in maintaining water balance. Perfect for exam revision, coursework, and improving subject knowledge. Organised in a clear, student-friendly format with key terminology and concise explanations to help achieve top grades.

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Urinary System
Do Now: Write down 3 things you know about the
Urinary system.

,(a) the term excretion and it’s
importance in maintaining
metabolism and homeostasis.

,Definitions
Excretion
The removal of metabolic waste from the body
Metabolism
The sum of the chemical reactions in the body
Homeostasis
The maintenance of a constant internal environment
despite changes
Egestion
The removal of faeces from the body

, Main waste products
Carbon dioxide is produced by every living cell by
respiration. It is excreted by the lungs.
Nitrogenous compounds e.g. urea which is
produced in the liver. Urea is transported to the
kidneys for excretion.
Bile pigments are formed from the breakdown of Hb
from old RBCs in the liver. Excreted in bile into the
small intestine.

Table of contents

  1. 01 Urinary System 1
    1. Definitions 3
    2. Excretion 3
    3. Metabolism 3
    4. Homeostasis 3
    5. Egestion 3
    6. Main waste products 4
    7. Importance of excretion 5
    8. Transport of carbon dioxide 6
    9. Formation of hydrogencarbonate ions 7
    10. Chloride shift 9
    11. Nitrogenous compounds 14
    12. The structure, mechanisms of action and functions of the mammalian kidney 16
    13. Renal artery and Renal vein 21
    14. Ultrafiltration 28
    15. Bowman's capsule and ultrafiltration 37
    16. Glomerular filtrate composition 38
    17. Selective reabsorption 39
    18. How does reabsorption occur? 45
    19. Control of water potential of blood 47
    20. Loop of Henle 48
    21. Hairpin counter current multiplier mechanism 50
    22. Descending limb 53
    23. Osmoregulation 60
    24. Importance 61
    25. Mechanism of action 63
    26. Control of osmoregulation 77
    27. Blood pressure 86
    28. Kidney failure possible causes 89
    29. Kidney failure effects 91
    30. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 93
    31. Treatment 94
    32. Renal dialysis 95
    33. Haemodialysis 96
    34. Peritoneal dialysis 99
    35. Transplant 101

Document information

Study Level
BTEC
Subject
Applied Science 2016 NQF
Uploaded on
July 2, 2026
Number of pages
101
Written in
2025/2026
Type
Presentation
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Unknown
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  • btec
  • biologg
  • unit 5
  • biology
  • urinary system

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