EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
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Steps in Descriptive Research
1. randomly select a sample from a defined population.
2. determine the sample characteristics
3. infer the characteristics of the population based on the sample
explanation
(type of research objective)
how and why a phenomenon operates as it does
*the objective of the majority of educational research is explanation*
,How to determine if Explanation is the primary objective of a research
study
ask yourself these questions:
1. Were the researchers trying to DEVELOP A THEORY about a
phenomenon to explain how and why it operates as it does?
2. Were the researchers trying to explain how phenomena operate by
IDENTIFYING CAUSE-AND-EFFECT relationships?
explanatory research
testing hypotheses and theories that explain the functions of a
phenomenon in detail
**researcher is focused on establishing clear and defensible evidence
for cause-and-effect relationships.
***experimental research is the strongest form of explanatory research
for providing evidence of cause and effect.
,prediction
(type of research objective)
forecast a phenomenon, wherein there is an association made between
two points in time.
**when researchers determine cause-and-effect operations, they can
use this information to form predictions
predictive research
predict the future of one or more dependent (or criterion) variables on
the basis of one or more independent (or predictor) variables.
**is most applicable when researchers want to see how well they can
predict a certain outcome based on one or more independent or
predictor variables.
, influence (motivation)
(type of research objective)
attempting to apply research to make certain outcomes occur
**application of research knowledge to control various aspects of the
world
How to determine if influence is the primary objective of a research study
ask yourself these questions:
1. Were the researchers applying research knowledge to MAKE
SOMETHING USEFUL HAPPEN in the world?
2. Were the researchers checking a "DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM" to
see if it works in practice?