NR507 Week 8 Final Exam | Advanced
Pathophysiology | 100 New Practice Questions
with Answers & Rationales | Chamberlain 2026 |
pdf
Updated for 2026/2027. This comprehensive practice exam covers the NR507 Advanced
Pathophysiology Week 8 Final Exam at Chamberlain University. The questions are
compiled from verified exam banks and cover cellular adaptation, inflammation, immunity,
genetics, fluid/electrolyte balance, acid-base disorders, and multisystem pathophysiology .
Exam Quick Facts
Feature Details
Course NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology
Institution Chamberlain University
Focus Cellular adaptation, inflammation, immunity, genetics, fluid/electrolyte
disorders, acid-base imbalances, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal,
endocrine pathophysiology
Format Multiple-choice with rationales
SECTION 1: Cellular Adaptation & Injury
Question 1
A client with long-standing hypertension develops an enlarged left ventricle. This is an
example of which cellular adaptation?
A) Hyperplasia
B) Hypertrophy
C) Atrophy
D) Metaplasia
,Answer: B. Hypertrophy
Rationale: Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size leading to organ enlargement. Cardiac
muscle cells cannot divide (hyperplasia), so they enlarge in response to increased workload
from hypertension .
Question 2
A client who smokes develops a change in the bronchial epithelium from ciliated columnar
to stratified squamous. This is known as:
A) Dysplasia
B) Hyperplasia
C) Metaplasia
D) Anaplasia
Answer: C. Metaplasia
Rationale: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one differentiated cell type with
another. This is an adaptive response to chronic irritation (smoking) .
Question 3
Which of the following is an example of physiologic hyperplasia?
A) Endometrial hyperplasia
B) Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy
C) Benign prostatic hyperplasia
D) Callus formation on the skin
Answer: B. Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy
Rationale: Physiologic hyperplasia occurs in response to a normal stimulus, such as
liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. Endometrial hyperplasia and BPH are
pathologic .
Question 4
,Which term describes the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite
external changes?
A) Ischemia
B) Homeostasis
C) Necrosis
D) Atrophy
Answer: B. Homeostasis
Rationale: Homeostasis refers to the dynamic processes that maintain a stable internal
environment. Ischemia (reduced blood flow) and necrosis (cell death) represent failures of
homeostasis .
Question 5
Which of the following is the primary mechanism of cellular injury in a patient with a
myocardial infarction?
A) Accumulation of calcium
B) Hypoxic injury due to ischemia
C) Free radical formation
D) Chemical toxicity
Answer: B. Hypoxic injury due to ischemia
Rationale: Ischemia leads to a lack of oxygen (hypoxia), which halts ATP production,
causing the sodium-potassium pump to fail and resulting in cellular swelling and death. This
is the fundamental mechanism of injury in MI .
Question 6
What is the most common mechanism of cell injury in hypoxia?
A) Increased ATP production
B) Decreased ATP production leading to failure of the Na⁺/K⁺ pump
C) Increased calcium efflux
D) Activation of the sodium-potassium pump
Answer: B. Decreased ATP production leading to failure of the Na⁺/K⁺ pump
, Rationale: Hypoxia decreases ATP production, causing the Na⁺/K⁺ pump to fail. This
leads to intracellular accumulation of sodium, water influx, and cellular swelling .
Question 7
Coagulative necrosis is most commonly seen in which organ?
A) Brain
B) Heart (myocardial infarction)
C) Lung
D) Pancreas
Answer: B. Heart (myocardial infarction)
Rationale: Coagulative necrosis is characteristic of ischemic injury in solid organs such
as the heart, kidney, and liver. Tissue architecture is preserved for several days because
proteins are denatured .
Question 8
Liquefactive necrosis is characteristic of:
A) Myocardial infarction
B) Brain infarction (stroke)
C) Tuberculosis
D) Ischemic injury to the kidney
Answer: B. Brain infarction (stroke)
Rationale: Liquefactive necrosis occurs in the brain due to enzymatic digestion of
necrotic tissue, forming a cystic space. The brain has abundant lipids and enzymes that
cause liquefaction of dead tissue .
Question 9
Caseous necrosis is characteristic of which condition?
A) Tuberculosis
B) Myocardial infarction
Pathophysiology | 100 New Practice Questions
with Answers & Rationales | Chamberlain 2026 |
Updated for 2026/2027. This comprehensive practice exam covers the NR507 Advanced
Pathophysiology Week 8 Final Exam at Chamberlain University. The questions are
compiled from verified exam banks and cover cellular adaptation, inflammation, immunity,
genetics, fluid/electrolyte balance, acid-base disorders, and multisystem pathophysiology .
Exam Quick Facts
Feature Details
Course NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology
Institution Chamberlain University
Focus Cellular adaptation, inflammation, immunity, genetics, fluid/electrolyte
disorders, acid-base imbalances, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal,
endocrine pathophysiology
Format Multiple-choice with rationales
SECTION 1: Cellular Adaptation & Injury
Question 1
A client with long-standing hypertension develops an enlarged left ventricle. This is an
example of which cellular adaptation?
A) Hyperplasia
B) Hypertrophy
C) Atrophy
D) Metaplasia
,Answer: B. Hypertrophy
Rationale: Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size leading to organ enlargement. Cardiac
muscle cells cannot divide (hyperplasia), so they enlarge in response to increased workload
from hypertension .
Question 2
A client who smokes develops a change in the bronchial epithelium from ciliated columnar
to stratified squamous. This is known as:
A) Dysplasia
B) Hyperplasia
C) Metaplasia
D) Anaplasia
Answer: C. Metaplasia
Rationale: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one differentiated cell type with
another. This is an adaptive response to chronic irritation (smoking) .
Question 3
Which of the following is an example of physiologic hyperplasia?
A) Endometrial hyperplasia
B) Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy
C) Benign prostatic hyperplasia
D) Callus formation on the skin
Answer: B. Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy
Rationale: Physiologic hyperplasia occurs in response to a normal stimulus, such as
liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. Endometrial hyperplasia and BPH are
pathologic .
Question 4
,Which term describes the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite
external changes?
A) Ischemia
B) Homeostasis
C) Necrosis
D) Atrophy
Answer: B. Homeostasis
Rationale: Homeostasis refers to the dynamic processes that maintain a stable internal
environment. Ischemia (reduced blood flow) and necrosis (cell death) represent failures of
homeostasis .
Question 5
Which of the following is the primary mechanism of cellular injury in a patient with a
myocardial infarction?
A) Accumulation of calcium
B) Hypoxic injury due to ischemia
C) Free radical formation
D) Chemical toxicity
Answer: B. Hypoxic injury due to ischemia
Rationale: Ischemia leads to a lack of oxygen (hypoxia), which halts ATP production,
causing the sodium-potassium pump to fail and resulting in cellular swelling and death. This
is the fundamental mechanism of injury in MI .
Question 6
What is the most common mechanism of cell injury in hypoxia?
A) Increased ATP production
B) Decreased ATP production leading to failure of the Na⁺/K⁺ pump
C) Increased calcium efflux
D) Activation of the sodium-potassium pump
Answer: B. Decreased ATP production leading to failure of the Na⁺/K⁺ pump
, Rationale: Hypoxia decreases ATP production, causing the Na⁺/K⁺ pump to fail. This
leads to intracellular accumulation of sodium, water influx, and cellular swelling .
Question 7
Coagulative necrosis is most commonly seen in which organ?
A) Brain
B) Heart (myocardial infarction)
C) Lung
D) Pancreas
Answer: B. Heart (myocardial infarction)
Rationale: Coagulative necrosis is characteristic of ischemic injury in solid organs such
as the heart, kidney, and liver. Tissue architecture is preserved for several days because
proteins are denatured .
Question 8
Liquefactive necrosis is characteristic of:
A) Myocardial infarction
B) Brain infarction (stroke)
C) Tuberculosis
D) Ischemic injury to the kidney
Answer: B. Brain infarction (stroke)
Rationale: Liquefactive necrosis occurs in the brain due to enzymatic digestion of
necrotic tissue, forming a cystic space. The brain has abundant lipids and enzymes that
cause liquefaction of dead tissue .
Question 9
Caseous necrosis is characteristic of which condition?
A) Tuberculosis
B) Myocardial infarction
