NR 507: Advanced
Pathophysiology Midterm
NEWEST
2026-2027 ACTUAL
EXAM
Asthma - CORRECT ANSWER -Chronic disease due to
bronchoconstriction and an excessive inflammatory response in the
bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma - CORRECT ANSWER -coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
,Pathophysiology of asthma (5) - CORRECT ANSWER --airway
inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles - CORRECT ANSWER -smaller passageways that originate
from the bronchi that become the alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles - CORRECT ANSWER -innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
lamina propria - CORRECT ANSWER -the middle layer of the
bronchioles
structure of the lamina propria - CORRECT ANSWER -embedded with
connective tissue cells and immune cells
,purpose of the lamina propria - CORRECT ANSWER -white blood cells
are present to help protect the airways
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma -
CORRECT ANSWER -the WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive
causing an inflammatory response that damages host tissue
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain - CORRECT
ANSWER -columnar epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain - CORRECT
ANSWER -smooth muscle cells
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do - CORRECT
ANSWER -control the airways ability to constrict and dilate
alveolar hyperinflation - CORRECT ANSWER -When air is unable to
move out of the alveolar like it should due to bronchial walls
collapsing around possible mucus plug thus trapping air inside
, how does hyperinflation occur? - CORRECT ANSWER -the ongoing
inflammatory process of asthma produces mucus and pus plug that
the bronchial walls collapse around
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar - CORRECT ANSWER --
expanded thorax and hypercapnia (retention of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma - CORRECT
ANSWER -tiotropium and ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? - CORRECT ANSWER -These
drugs block the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma - CORRECT ANSWER -the
parasympathetic system is stimulated by the vagal nerve to release
acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic receptors of the
respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow
Pathophysiology Midterm
NEWEST
2026-2027 ACTUAL
EXAM
Asthma - CORRECT ANSWER -Chronic disease due to
bronchoconstriction and an excessive inflammatory response in the
bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma - CORRECT ANSWER -coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
,Pathophysiology of asthma (5) - CORRECT ANSWER --airway
inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles - CORRECT ANSWER -smaller passageways that originate
from the bronchi that become the alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles - CORRECT ANSWER -innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
lamina propria - CORRECT ANSWER -the middle layer of the
bronchioles
structure of the lamina propria - CORRECT ANSWER -embedded with
connective tissue cells and immune cells
,purpose of the lamina propria - CORRECT ANSWER -white blood cells
are present to help protect the airways
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma -
CORRECT ANSWER -the WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive
causing an inflammatory response that damages host tissue
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain - CORRECT
ANSWER -columnar epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain - CORRECT
ANSWER -smooth muscle cells
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do - CORRECT
ANSWER -control the airways ability to constrict and dilate
alveolar hyperinflation - CORRECT ANSWER -When air is unable to
move out of the alveolar like it should due to bronchial walls
collapsing around possible mucus plug thus trapping air inside
, how does hyperinflation occur? - CORRECT ANSWER -the ongoing
inflammatory process of asthma produces mucus and pus plug that
the bronchial walls collapse around
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar - CORRECT ANSWER --
expanded thorax and hypercapnia (retention of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma - CORRECT
ANSWER -tiotropium and ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? - CORRECT ANSWER -These
drugs block the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma - CORRECT ANSWER -the
parasympathetic system is stimulated by the vagal nerve to release
acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic receptors of the
respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow
