ALU 201 ULTIMATE STUDY GUIDE Questions with CORRECT Answers (Grade A+)

ALU 201 ULTIMATE STUDY GUIDE Questions with
CORRECT Answers (Grade A+)

Question 1:
After chewing food, it is forced downward by gravity and rhythmic contractions of muscles. This is
called...
Answer:
Peristalsis

Question 2:
Food passes from the esophagus to the stomach through the...
Answer:
Lower esophageal sphincter

Question 3:
The GE Junction is also known as the...
Answer:
Z-line (due to appearance)

Question 4:
Major functions of the stomach include... (2)
Answer:
Mechanical grinding of food Enhancing chemical processes of digestion

Question 5:
The stomach [does/does not] absorb nutrients. The stomach [is/is not] the main site of alcohol
absorption Another role of the stomach is production of...
Answer:
(1) DOES NOT (2) IS (3) Intrinsic factor

Question 6:
Digestive enzymes empty into the duodenum through the...
Answer:
Ampulla or papilla of Vater

,Question 7:
As nutrients pass through the rest of the small intestine, they are absorbed through multiple projections
of the mucosa, called...
Answer:
Villi

Question 8:
Describe parts of the colon (5)
Answer:
Extends up the right side of the abdomen (AS- CENDING) Takes a bend at the left of the liver
(HEPATIC FLEXURE) Crosses the upper abdomen (TRANSVERSE) At the level of the spleen
(SPLENIC FLEXURE), the colon turns downward (DESCENDING)

Question 9:
Oral and esophageal cancer is usually... Squamous cell carcinoma
Answer:
not provided in source.

Question 10:
____________________ ulcers are associated with Crohn's and ulcerative colitis
Answer:
Apthous

Question 11:
Causes of ulcers include... (3)
Answer:
Gastric cancer, NSAIDs, alcohol (NOT PPIs)

Question 12:
Failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax is...
Answer:
Achalasia

,Question 13:
GERD can occur ___________________________ or in association with a
______________________________________
Answer:
Idiopathically Hiatal hernia

Question 14:
Further changes to the mucosa is ______________________________. How does this appear?
Answer:
Barrett's esophagitis Pink areas of mucosa

Question 15:
How do hernias occur?
Answer:
Stomach pushes up through the diaphragm into the chest

Question 16:
Complication of hernias (specifically paraesophageal hernias)
Answer:
Strangulation

Question 17:
Pancreatitis can be caused by... (7) _____________________ pancreatitis has a high mortality rate
Answer:
Alcohol, blockage of gallstones, medications, infection, autoimmune disease, hypertriglyceridemia,
and idiopathically Acute

Question 18:
Chronic pancreatitis can cause... (2)
Answer:
Inadequate insulin production (diabetes), inadequate digestive enzyme production (leading to
malabsorption and weight loss)

, Question 19:
Inflamed pancreas can cause fluid and debris to collect adjacent to the pancreas, which over time can
turn into a cyst-like mass, called a...
Answer:
Pseudocyst

Question 20:
Pancreatic tumors are _____________, ______________, or ____________
Answer:
Benign, malignant, or hormone-producing (endocrine) Can cause disease by mass effect, effect of
excess hormone, and spread to lymph nodes or the liver

Question 21:
Pancreatic cysts are....
Answer:
Fluid filled lesions, often found incidentally

Question 22:
Worrisome features of pancreatic cysts include... (4)
Answer:
Size, any solid component, dilated pancreatic duct, and rapid growth

Question 23:
Celiac sprue is the most common cause of.... Labs associated with this include...
Answer:
Small bowel mucosal blunting Elevated IgA tissue transglutaminase with normal total serum IgA
levels in the most reliable test

Question 24:
Crohn's can affect... Affects bowel in a _______________________ pattern What can it impact? Any
complications? Treatment? Causes?
Answer:
ANY part of the GI tract Non-continuous Can be complicated by strictures, fistulas, and abscesses, can
reveal granulomas. Can impact LFTs Surgery is often palliative and required to treat complications of
disease Causes include intra-abdominal infections, medication-related side effects, and cancer