SPCE 630 EXAM 1 MIDTERM QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED ACCURATE ANSWERS| GRADED A+

Inconsistent implementation of condition protocols refers to which threat to internal validity - correct answers Procedural Infidelity Which level of scientific understanding includes observation and accurate description of phenomena - correct answers Description Which level of scientific understanding refers to observing the correlation between two variables - correct answers Prediction Which level of scientific understanding refers to reliable change produced by change in the independent variable - correct answers Control Single case research design differs from group design in that the participant serves as their own: - correct answers Control Articles in which researchers report the findings of original research are: - correct answers Primary Research Articles in which the authors summarize the findings of other researchers are: - correct answers Review Articles Articles that report statistical analyses from existing research are: - correct answers Meta-Analyses Duration recording is a suitable data collection method for all of the following behaviors EXCEPT: - correct answers Number of times a student engaged in physical aggression Event Recording is used to measure behaviors that: - correct answers *Have a clear begining and end, *Do not occur at a frequency that is too high to count, *Are brief and temporary Variables manipulated by researchers are known as: - correct answers Independent variables Which of the following is the correct APA citation (7th edition)? - correct answers Ledford, J. R., & Gast, D. L. (Eds.). (2018). Single case research methodology: Applications in special education and behavioral sciences (3rd ed.). Routledge Well-designed applied research studies should - correct answers Include systematic study of behaviors in typical environments The committee responsible for examining proposed studies to ensure human participant safety and ethical compliance is the: - correct answers Institutional Review Board Respect for persons, beneficence, and justice are ethical principles outlined in the: - correct answers Belmont Report The same level of risk a participant would encounter in daily life is: - correct answers Minimal Risk Maximizing potential benefits while minimizing potential harm is: - correct answers Beneficence Which of the following is NOT a function of a literature review? - correct answers Presenting a clear and concise summary of the paper The methods section of a research article: - correct answers Provides a detailed operation description of how the study was conducted The relevance of a study's data is outlined in the: - correct answers Discussion The five sections of a final report in order are: - correct answers abstract, introduction, method, results, discussion Which type of recording samples behavior occurrences and provides an estimate of the actual occurrences of the behavior? - correct answers Discontinuous recording When using momentary time sampling, occurrences of the target behavior are recording if the behavior occurs: - correct answers At the end of the interval If observers do not agree on behavior occurrences when collecting data (low interobserver agreement), which common problems could be present? - correct answers Observer Bias Error Observer Drift Whole interval recording tends to: - correct answers Underestimate behavior occurrences Which type of validity refers to whether or not the measurement procedures accurately reflect the target behavior being measured? - correct answers Construct Validity Reliability and validity refer to the same concept. - correct answers False Which of the following is the best example of a non-reversible dependent variable? - correct answers Reading sight words Researchers can write non-examples of target behaviors in order to help increase: - correct answers Reliability Which type of IOA is calculated when researchers only look at intervals either or both observers did NOT observe the target behavior? - correct answers Unscored-Interval IOA Which is a measurement of whether the intervention was conducted as intended? - correct answers Treatment Integrity Measurement of procedural fidelity does all of the following except: - correct answers Helps clinicians avoid emphasizing "train and hope" The extent to which experimenters trained implementers as planned is known as: - correct answers Implementation Fidelity The degree to which procedures of all experimental conditions are implemented as intended is known as: - correct answers Procedural Fidelity Summative analysis of treatment procedural fidelity increases which type of validity? - correct answers Internal Common ways to measure treatment integrity include (check all that apply): - correct answers Checklists Self-reports Direct systematic observation A 5-year-old boy diagnosed with ASD started receiving ABA services. Which of the following is NOT a stakeholder in the evaluation of social significance? - correct answers His BCBA When measuring social validity, which of the following are more subject bias? - correct answers Participant/stakeholder judgments What type of evidence should procedural fidelity provide? Check all that apply. - correct answers Adherence Differentiation Teaching socially important goals does which of the following? Check all that apply. - correct answers Teaches patients to engaging in behaviors valued by society Helps improve participant quality of life Helps improve quality of life of those who interact with participants The Null Hypothesis: - correct answers States that any difference in the groups is due to chance Results of group design yield: - correct answers A statistical relationship between the IV/DV Researchers want to determine if sleep deprivation affects exam scores in college students. The researchers plan to calculate a test statistic. Which would be a more appropriate study design? - correct answers Group Design Researchers want to know if providing noncontingent attention will reduce a 3-year-old's attention-maintained physical aggression. The researcher will use visual analysis. Which would be a more appropriate study design? - correct answers Single Case Research Design Measures of central tendency include which of the following (check all that apply): - correct answers Mean Median Mode Measures of dispersion include which of the following (check all that apply): - correct answers Standard Deviation Variance Range Steps of sampling include which of the following (check all that apply): - correct answers Defining the population Defining the sample Determining the sample size needed Determining the method for pulling the sample Which type of sampling error refers to a lack of true understanding of the population researchers want to study? - correct answers Population error Which type of sampling error refers to the wrong sub-population being used to select the sample? - correct answers Sampling fram error Which statistical considerations are used to determine the sample size needed for a study? - correct answers Power Effect Size Rejection Criteria Critics of single case research design methodology argue that results cannot generalize outside of the study due to: - correct answers Too few participants Replication is the ability to repeat the effect of which of the following: - correct answers Independent Variable Within-study direct replication includes all of the following EXCEPT: - correct answers Treatment package administration What distinguishes clinical replication from direct replication? - correct answers Experimenters administering a treatment package The number of variables that change between studies will determine the extent of: - correct answers Generality Failure to replicate the findings of a study reveals its: - correct answers Limitations Successful systematic replication leads to greater evidence of (check all that apply): - correct answers Reliability Generality Which type of replication is the repetition of an experiment by the same experimenter? - correct answers Direct Replication Which type of replication involves conducting a series of studies and incorporating systematic change? - correct answers Systematic Replication Purposes of replication involve which of the following (check all that apply): - correct answers Assessing internal validity Finding exception Assessing external validity Which of the following is NOT a defining feature of SCRD? - correct answers Participants are split into a control group and treatment group How many replication attempts must SCRD contain in order to meet evidence standards? - correct answers Three Which of the following designs minimally meets the standards for demonstrating an intervention effect? - correct answers ABAB How many data points should each phase in SCRD ideally include? - correct answers 5 According to Horner et al. (2015), dependent variables are selected for their (check all that apply): - correct answers Importance to the participant Importance to those who come in contact with the participant Importance to society As scientist practitioners, behavior analysts are responsible for (check all that apply): - correct answers Actively reading the literature Evaluating data for the decision making Producing new data to contribute to the larger scientific community Which of the following is used when describing results for group designs? - correct answers Statistical significance Which of the following is used when describing significant differences between baseline and intervention conditions at the individual level? - correct answers Clinical significance