Chapter 14 (SPCE 630) Practice Questions With 100% Verified Answers.

Differentiation - correct answers Relevant for studies using RIA. The extent to which data from two conditions in the same phase have different levels across time Formative Analysis/Phase Change - correct answers - Designs using RIA involve fewer formative decisions than others - Formative decision rules lead to decisions to continue comparison because more data are needed or discontinue comparison because data are sufficient to determine whether functional relation exists Summative analysis of data in RIA - correct answers Occurs via visual analysis of graphic data for the purpose of drawing conclusions about research questions In experimental functional analyses - correct answers The question is something similar to: - Does challenging behaviors consistently occur under one or more conditions, compared to a control condition When comparison phases includes - correct answers 2 treatment conditions and an ongoing baseline condition, researchers can identify a functions relation such that they identify that - treatment A results in better/worse outcomes than treatment b - whether treatment A results in better/worse outcomes than baseline or control - whether treatment b results in better/worse outcomes than baseline or control conditions Potential demonstrations include - correct answers Opportunities to assess differences between conditions when condition changes occur Because conditions change within phases for RIA - correct answers the number of demonstrations of effect is typically approximately equal to the number of data points in the condition Questions about functional relations can only be answered - correct answers for conditions that are included in a relevant, rapidly alternated comparisons phases - Other phases can assist with providing descriptive information (i.e., initial baseline conditions, best alone phase, generalization phases) and evaluating likely threats Because each change between conditions within the phase is a potential demonstration of effect - correct answers 3 demonstrations of effect can be established with very few data points There must be enough data to determine - correct answers the data pattern for each condition and the extent to which it is different from other conditions If a study includes an appropriate design with sufficient potential demonstrations of effect and adequate data for each condition, - correct answers the next step is to determine whether any significant threats to internal validity decrease confidence that differences between conditions are responsible for observer behavior In AATD and repeated acquisitions - correct answers it is critical to make a determination regarding whether sets of behaviors are of equal difficulty As with other designs, summative visual analysis should result - correct answers in an explicit conclusion regarding the presence or absence of a functional relation for each comparison Generally, in designs using RIA condition ordering - correct answers consistent demonstrations occurring near the end of the phase are weighted more heavily than those in the beginning of the phase Although work is ongoing, there has been - correct answers relatively little attention paid to RIA condition ordering in terms of development of effect size metrics specifically for these designs Although some effect sizes align more closely with visual analysis decisions - correct answers effect size metrics should not always come to the same conclusions as visual analysis AATD are somewhat different as - correct answers they almost always include acquisition behaviors that are measured at floor levels in baseline conditions and that are typically expected to gradually increase to ceiling levels during intervention Because AATDs usually include two interventions that are both expected to be effective - correct answers the relative efficiency of each procedure is usually the question of interest You should plan you visual analysis - correct answers prior to data collection For AATD, you might expect - correct answers initial low levels followed by an increasing trend to criterion for both intervention conditions, with continued low levels for the ongoing control condition, and with intervention A reaching criterion prior to intervention B Your written results should include - correct answers - you data analysis plan - any noteworthy formative decisions that were made - summative analysis - conclusions about the presence or absence of functional relation Goal for summative analysis is to - correct answers determine if there is a functional relation between variables and describe it Multielement Alternating Treatment Design - correct answers - structured criteria needs to be established to determine if any of the test conditions are different from the control - effect size metrics will not always have the same conclusion as visual analysis, do them separately Adapted Alternating Treatment Design - correct answers typically includes two treatments that are expected to be effective thus it's common to focus on the efficiency of each treatment Visual analysis procedure should be written prior to data collection, with a discussion of - correct answers - what data patterns you expect - what patterns will show you there's a functional relation - how often you will do a formative analysis Research question for ME-ATD? - correct answers "What is the relative effect of visual schedules versus verbal prompts on the speed of task transition for a student with autism?" Research question for adapted alternating treatment design - correct answers "Does the use of high-preference tangible rewards lead to faster mastery of vocational tasks compared to social praise when teaching two distinct assembly chains?"