SPCE 630 PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS

Informed assent: - correct answers Includes obtaining consent from parents or legal guardians of minors who are not yet old enough to enter into a contract Threats to internal validity include - correct answers Testing, maturation, procedural infidelity Applied research - correct answers involves systematic investigation related to the pursuit of knowledge in practical realms or to solve real-world problems. Events that occur during the experiment but that are not related to planned procedural changes that may influence the outcomes. - correct answers History Changes in behavior due to the passage of time - correct answers Maturation Occurs when participants need to respond to the same test repeatedly during a baseline or probe condition, whcih influences responding - correct answers Testing Threats related to the measurement system, and are of concern because of repeated measurement by human observers who may make errors - correct answers Instrumentation Inconsistent implementation of the experimental condition - correct answers Procedural infidelity The loss of participant's behavior is influenced by more than one planned intervention during the course of a study - correct answers Multiple treatment interference A type of data instability that refers to a repeated and predictable pattern in the data series over time - correct answers cyclical variability Carryover effects: - correct answers A carryover effect is an effect of being tested in one condition on participants' behavior in later/adjacent conditions and it is more difficult to address than sequence effects. The hypothesis that states that there is no significant difference between samples is: - correct answers The null hypothesis Amanda is an RBT at an ABA clinic. She is working with her client, Jerrell, to decrease aggressive behaviors (i.e., biting others). She has collected data for the frequency of Jerrell's bites for three weeks. Calculate the mean, median, and mode of the following data set (round to the nearest whole number): Week 1: 22, 31, 20, 32, 32 Week 2: 7, 8, 13, 31, 17 Week 3: 16, 5, 9, 12, 15 - correct answers Mean = 18, median =16, Mode =31,32 Dr. Jones wanted to know if the use of the Good Behavior Game decreased rates of disruptive behaviors in an elementary school. Dr. Jones collected data throughout the duration of the school year across two elementary schools. In school A, all k-6 classrooms used the Good Behavior Game. In School B, no classrooms used the Good Behavior Game. At the end of the school year, Dr. Jones shouted, "Eureka! The Good Behavior Game works," when in fact it had no impact on student disruptive behavior. This is an example of: - correct answers A type I error Dr. Jones wanted to know if the use of the Good Behavior Games decreased rates of disruptive behaviors in an elementary school. Dr. Jones collected data throughout the duration of the school year across two elementary schools. In school A, all k-6 classrooms used the Good Behavior Game. In school B, no classrooms used the Good Behavior Game. At the end of the school year, Dr. Jones concluded that the Good Behavior Game had no impact on student disruptive behavior, when in fact it had. This is an example of - correct answers Type 2 error The primary purpose of the method section is to: - correct answers Both A and B Detail the plan of study being proposed. Provide a sufficiently detailed description of the study so a trained researcher can implement the study as intended with no additional guidance. Which of the following is true about single-case research design? - correct answers The participant serves as its own control Or Most studies include more than one participant These graphs demonstrate which of the following - correct answers inter-subject replication with a multiple baseline design across behaviors These data show (q10) - correct answers A change in trend Which of the following is a limitation of using statistical significance to differentiate between meaningful and trivial change? - correct answers The rejection of the null hypothesis is more decisive in larger sample sizes. Large enough sample sizes will always show a significant difference between populations Statistical analysis may fail to reject the null hypothesis in small sample sizes All of the above (correct answer) Which of the following is a limitation of group design? - correct answers Group designs only have one or two measurement occasions. Group designs provide no information on which individual subjects changed. Group designs provide no information on how the individual subjects changed. All of the above are potential limitations of group (correct answer) Dr. Lestremau is employed in a large urban school district with 10 elementary schools. She wants to evaluate the effects and feasibility of peer-mediated, school-based, discrete trial training for teaching multiplication skills to six students with autism spectrum disorder. She will collect on-going and frequent measurement of students' fluency with multiplication facts. Dr. Lestremau is using: - correct answers Single case research design methodology A researcher wanted to know if teacher professional development leads to more frequent implementation of behavioral interventions. What is the independent variable? - correct answers Teacher Professional Development Dr. Lestremau is employed in a large, urban school district with 10 elementary schools. She wants to evaluate the use of a new math curriculum to teach multiplication to 3rd grade students. She will administer a math pre-test to all students. She will then randomly assign five schools to the new math curriculum. The other five schools will keep using the existing curriculum. At the end of the year she will administer a math post-test to all students. Dr. Lestremau is using? - correct answers Group research design methodology Kacyn is a BCBA at an ABA Center. She is running a small social skills group with 6 children who have autism spectrum disorder. Kacyn is using the "Tough Kids Social Skills Curriculum." The goal of the social skills sessions is to build basic social entry skills (e.g., making eye contact, greetings, responding to name). Prior to the start of the group, Kacyn collected data for each of the participants. Specifically, she asked the therapists to complete the BASC-2 (a rating scale that measures changes in behavior and emotional status) and also collected the frequency of spontaneous greetings during a 30-minute observation period. She continued to collect data for spontaneous greetings during and after implementation of the social skills group. What is the dependent variable? - correct answers The frequency of spontaneous greetings According to Carr and Briggs (2010) practitioners of applied behavior analysis should base their professional activities on the research literature. One barrier is the cost of journal subscriptions. A solution suggested by Carr and Briggs (2010) includes: - correct answers Reading articles in journals, such as, the journal of Behavior assessment and intervention in children, which provide articles for free. Or Reading articles in journals, such as, the Journal of Speech-Language Pathology and Applied Behavior Analysis, which provide articles for free Which of the following is the correct format for a parenthetical citation with 4 authors for the first parenthetical citation in text: - correct answers (Dieringer, Wilczynski, Cullen, & McIntosh, 2017) Or (Olmi et al., 2017) A BCBA calculated IOA for the above data set. IOA was reported as 16.6%. IOA was calculated using which of the following: - correct answers scored intervals A BCBA calculated IOA for the above data set. IOA was reported as 44%. IOA was calculated using which of the following: - correct answers Unscored interval Which type of recording is a discontinuous measurement procedure? - correct answers Whole interval recording Or Partial Two observers recorded whether hand-flapping occurred or did not occur during an interval. Calculate IOA based on the Interval by Interval Method. - correct answers 40% What is a primary reason for replicating the findings of a study: - correct answers To assess the generality of the study Which of the following is an advantage of using percentage data over numbers? - correct answers More familiar to people other than measures and facilitates communication of performance Which of the following is true about partial interval data recording? - correct answers It has a tendency to over-estimate the occurrence of behavior Which of the following is true about whole interval data recording? - correct answers It has a tendency to under-estimate the occurrence of behavior Based on the information provided above, this article is likely an example of which of the following types of articles: - correct answers A review article detailing what is known about medications for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder adn the other developmental disabilities Internal validity of a study depends on: - correct answers The attempts by the researcher to ensure plausible reasons for behavior change, other than planned experimental changes, are controlled for Experimental designs: - correct answers Require systematic manipulation of an independent variable and careful measurement of the dependent variables. The primary goal of single case research design is: - correct answers To determine whether a causal or functional relationship exists between a research manipulated independent variable and a meaningful change int he dependent variable Informed consent includes - correct answers A statement that the participant can withdraw from the research at any time without penalty or Informing participants or their guardian about the nature of the research in understandable terms Dr. Tingstrom is interested in evaluating the effectiveness of tootling for increasing positive peer reporting in an elementary classroom. He collects data in Mrs. Dobbs's fourth grade classroom. He hopes to demonstrate the same effects of tootling with the same classroom more than once in the same study. Specifically, he hopes that behaviors are at similar levels when the intervention is in place compared to when it is withdrawn. This is an example of: - correct answers Direct intra-subject replication Which of the following statements are true regarding treatment integrity? - correct answers An overall treatment integrity level at or above 80% has been proposed as a criterion for acceptable research, although there are few data to support this criterion. A researcher plans to observe children with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD) during recess. She plans to observe the degree to which children without ASD initiate interactions with students who have ASD. She will describe her data as a collection of facts. Which level of scientific understanding is the researcher using? - correct answers Description A researcher repeatedly observes children with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD) during recess. She notices that children with ASD are more likely to join in play with other children when the children without ASD initiate the social interaction. She concludes that there is a correlation between joining in play and who initiates the interaction. Which level of scientific understanding is the researcher using? - correct answers control Professor Smith wants to increase time working on research-related activities by implementing a structured schedule, self-monitoring, and goal setting. What is/are the independent variable(s)? - correct answers Structured schedule, self-monitoring, and goal setting. External validity is measured by - correct answers The extent to which the results from the study are applicable outside the contexts of the study Well-designed applied research studies allow for: - correct answers Evaluation of a new intervention or innovation or Systematic study of behaviors in the typical environment Time lagged designs include which of the following - correct answers The repetition of the basic A-B comparison across a set of three or more participants, behaviors, or contexts A BCBA is interested in evaluating the use of behavior skills training to increase therapist's use of a fixed interval schedule of reinforcement. Prior to conducting her study, she conducts a literature review to identify existing research. She is struggling to find articles on this topic. Which of the following are strategies that she could use to help her to find literature on this topic? - correct answers She should read the "Search by Topic: Keyword vs. Subject Searching" page so that she understand the two main ways to search in databases. Which of the following is true about page headers? - correct answers Running heads are not required for student papers The primary purpose of the literature review is to: - correct answers Describe what is known about a topic. Build a rationale for the study. Identify research procedures to strengthen a study. All of the above (correct) Professor Smith wants to increase time working on research-related activities by implementing a structured schedule, self-monitoring, and goal setting. What is/are the dependent variable(s)? - correct answers Time working on research-related activities. Identify the citation that is NOT in correct APA format (6th edition) - correct answers Masse, J. J., McNeil, C. B., Wagner, S., & Quetsch, L. B. (2016). Examining the Efficacy of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy with Children on the Autism Spectrum. Journal of Child & Family Studies, 25(8), . Identify the citation that is NOT in correct APA format (7th edition) - correct answers Masse, J. J., McNeil, C. B., Wagner, S., and Quetsch, L. B. (2016). Examining the efficacy of parent-child interaction therapy with children on the Autism Spectrum. Journal of Child & Family Studies, 25 (8), . doi:10.1007/s Or Greer, B. D., Fisher, W. W., Saini, V., Owen, T. M., & Jones, J. K. (2016). Functional communication training during reinforcement schedule thinning: An analysis of 25 applications. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 49 (1), 105-121. Identify the citation in correct APA format (7th edition) - correct answers Vincent, L. B., Openden, D., Gentry, J. A., Long, L. A., & Matthews, N. L. (2017). Promoting social learning at recess for children with ASD and related social challenges. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 11(1), 19-33. A teacher is trying to determine if Erica has mastered a mathematical task she has been taught. She asks the aid to collect data on her completing this task during her session with Erica. The aid will record each correct response. Which measurement system is the aid using? - correct answers Event recording Todd is a BCBA employed at an ABA Center. He is working with a client who engages in high rates of vocal stereotypy. Todd would like to implement an intervention that includes response interruption and redirection. To determine if this intervention is effective, he will use a multiple baseline design across settings. He will collect data for 25 minutes each day. His observation will be divided into 15-second intervals. During each interval he will code vocal stereotypy as occurring if it occurs for any duration of the 15-second interval. Based on the literature, Todd's estimate of the percentage of intervals in which the behavior occurs is likely to be which of the following? - correct answers An underestimate of behavior Tanesha is a BCBA employed at a school. She is consulting with four special education teachers who each report having a student with high levels of off-task behavior. Tanesha suggested using brief group physical activity breaks as an intervention to increase on-task behavior. To determine if her intervention is effective, she will use a multiple baseline design across four participants. She will collect data for 30 minutes each day. Her observation will be divided into 10-second intervals. During each interval she will code off-task behavior as occurring if it occurs for the duration of the 10-second interval. Based on this information, what measurement system is Tanesha most likely using? - correct answers Whole interval recording Tanesha is a BCBA employed at a school. She is consulting with four special education teachers who each report having a student with high levels of off-task behavior. Tanesha suggested using brief group physical activity breaks as an intervention to increase on-task behavior. To determine if her intervention is effective, she will use a multiple baseline design across four participants. She will collect data for 30 minutes each day. Her observation will be divided into 10-second intervals. During each interval she will code off-task behavior as occurring if it occurs for any duration during the 10-second interval. Based on this information, what measurement system is Tanesha most likely using? - correct answers Partial interval A researcher was interested in strategies to increase physical activity in students with ASD. Five adolescents with ASD used Exercise Buddy (a commercially available app) to learn how to complete four different exercises (i.e., sit-ups, bicep curls, jumping jacks, tricep extensions) correctly. What research design methodology should be used? - correct answers Single case research design would be appropriate. Researchers want to teach language skills to children with ASD. They decide to teach some participants face-to-face and others via teleconsultation. There is a group that receives no treatment at all. What research design methodology should be used? - correct answers Group research design would be appropriate. Researchers evaluated the effects of differential reinforcement without extinction for participants with ASD who engaged in challenging behavior when asked to transition. What research design methodology should be used? - correct answers Single case research design would be appropriate. When evaluating the external validity of a study, a researcher should consider which of the following? - correct answers Generality across settings and generality across subjects. Jacob recently conducted a study at a residential center in which he evaluated a procedure to train direct care staff to increase positive interactions with the residents during mealtime. During the course of the study he became concerned that the data collectors began to depart from the accurate use of definitions over time. Jacob is most likely concerned with which of the following: - correct answers Observer drift Jacob recently conducted a study at a residential center in which he evaluated a procedure to train direct care staff to increase positive interactions with the residents during mealtime. After evaluating his data, he became concerned that one of the data collectors held beliefs that impacted the data in a predictable direction. Jacob is most likely concerned with which of the following: - correct answers Observer Bias The term ______________ refers to the attitude of skepticism and continuous questioning of the facts and processes found in science. - correct answers Philisophic doubt The scientific attitude or assumption that the universe is a lawful and orderly place and that all phenomena occur as a result of other phenomena is called: - correct answers Determinism The term _______ refers to the scientific orientation stressing the simplest explanations for phenomena observed in scientific practice. - correct answers Parsimony Reliable measurement is - correct answers consistent Dr. Dart is a behavior analyst. He is working with Tom, who exhibits low rates of compliance with parent requests. Dr. Dart trains Tom's parents to use Effective Instruction Delivery (EID). He collects data regarding Tom's compliance, and parents' use of EID and summarizes these data using a line graph. One of the primary reasons for summarizing data using a line graph is: - correct answers To display relationships between dependent variable and independent variable The research question "Does implementation of a time out procedure on an FR 2 schedule result in faster reductions of challenging behavior, when compared to an FR 4 schedule? - correct answers Parametric question The research question "Does implementation of a time-out procedure result in lower levels of challenging behavior for elementary school children?" is considered a: - correct answers Demonstration question Which of the following is NOT a measure of dispersion? - correct answers Median Mona is prepping a manuscript for a study she did. She's on the section where she is writing the response definition. What section is Mona writing? - correct answers Method Janet is a BCBA-D who is consulting in a high school life skills classroom. She has recently suggested an intervention for a student with academic deficits and plans to systematically collect treatment integrity data. The target behavior is high intensity, but occurs at a low frequency. Which of the following is the best option for collecting data? - correct answers Permanent product rate Janet is a BCBA-D who is consulting in a high school life skills classroom. She has recently suggested an intervention for a students with multiple disabilities and plans to systematically collect treatment integrity data. The target behavior is high intensity, but occurs at low frequency. Which of the following is the best option for collecting data? - correct answers A self-report measure of treatment integrity Janet is a BCBA-D who is consulting in a high school life skills classroom. She has recently suggested an intervention for a student with academic deficits and plans to systematically collect treatment integrity data. The target behavior is high intensity, but occurs at a low frequency. Which of the following is the best option for collecting data? - correct answers Scored interval interobserver agreement A research study has groups that are randomly assigned, low attrition, and minimal confounding variables. Based on the What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) Standards, this study is likely to receive which of the following designations: - correct answers Meets WWC standards without reservations A research study has groups that are not randomly assigned, similarity of groups prior to the start of the intervention, and some confounding variables. Based on the What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) Standards, this study is likely to receive which of the following designations: - correct answers Does not meet WWC standards. Which of the following research questions can be answered using single case research design? - correct answers (ALL OF THESE) Is this intervention more effective than the current "baseline" or "treatment" as "usual" condition? (e.g., does Intervention A reduce problem behavior for this case?) Does adding B to Intervention A further reduce problem behavior for this case? Is Intervention B or Intervention C more effective in reducing problem behavior for this case? Which of the following are measures of central tendency? - correct answers Mean, median, mode Sequential introduction and withdrawal designs include which of the following - correct answers The repetition of the basic A-B comparisons within a single participant Rapid iterative alternation designs include which of the following: - correct answers The repetition of an A-B comparison, with single session replication and comparisons For which of the following is APA format used (select all that are correct)? - correct answers Term papers, research reports, empirical studies, theoretical articles, methodological articles The main sections that APA research papers should be divided into include: - correct answers Title page, abstract, introduction, method, results, discussion, references, appendices Which of the following sections of a paper is the section in which the authors evaluate and interpret the implications of the results of findings with respect to the original hypotheses? - correct answers Discussion Which page should be labeled as page 3? - correct answers Beginning of text APA format uses 5 levels of headings. Level 2 headings should be: - correct answers Flush left, boldface, uppercase and lowercase heading Level 5 headings should be: - correct answers Indented, bold italic, title case heading, ending with a period. Which of the following is the correct order of elements in an APA style paper? - correct answers Which of the following is the correct order of elements in an APA style paper? The use of "Then," "Next," "After," and "While" are examples of which of the following: - correct answers Time Links What is the correct parenthetical citation for one author? - correct answers (Zoder-Martell, 2021) What is the correct narrative citation for two authors? - correct answers Zoder-Martell and Eluri (2021) What is the correct narrative citation for three or more authors? - correct answers Zoder-Martell et al. (2021) As discussed by Zoder-Martell et al., (2021), a telepresence robot may be an effective technology to support behavior analytic teleconsultation is which of the following: - correct answers A paraphrase using narrative format Which of the following is true about paraphrasing? - correct answers Students should primarily use paraphrasing to support their ideas Which of the following is the most accurate reference citation for a journal article: - correct answers McCrae, R. R. (2015). A more nuanced view of reliability: Specificity in the trait hierarchy. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 19(2), 97-112. The student title page should include which of the following elements? Check all that apply. - correct answers Course number and name as shown on instructional materials Paper Title Department for the course Author Name To reduce bias in language, APA suggests that you should call people what they want to be called, keeping in mind that preferences may change. - correct answers True Which of the statements best portrays individuals as active participants rather than passive recipients of the experiment? - correct answers Children with special needs participated in the game Which of the following statements about citing references in text is true: - correct answers Cite the work of those individuals whose ideas, theories, or findings have directly influenced your work Which of the following is the correct format for a parenthetical citation with 4 authors for the first parenthetical citation in text: - correct answers (Bradley, Ramirez, Soo, & Walsh, 2008) All citations should be included in the reference list including personal communications and classical works. - correct answers False Which of the following reference list citations is correct? (apa quiz 10) - correct answers Gardner, S., & Wolfe, P. (2013). Use of video modeling and video prompting interventions for teaching daily living skills to individuals with autism spectrum disorders: A review. Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 38, 73-87. doi:10.2511/ A woman is bothered by her spouse's video game playing so she goes to a therapist to get some advice. The therapist ask her to take some data on how long he plays video games each day. The therapist advices the woman to record start and stop times per day and calculate how many minutes of video game her spouse engages in per day for a whole week. Which measurement system is being used? - correct answers Duration An in-text citation for a paraphrase should include - correct answers The author's surname and year of publication The first in-text citation for a work by two authors should appear as: - correct answers Wappes and Dufrene (2019) Headings and block quotations should be double spaced - correct answers True Block quotations should be: - correct answers Indented 0.5 in. from the left margin Which of the following reference list citations is correct? - correct answers Menear, K. S., & Neumeier, W.H. (2015). Promoting physical activity for students with autism spectrum disorder: Barriers, benefits, and strategies for success. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, 86, 43-48. A 7-year old boy hits his head with his hand only when presented with a reading task. There is a discrete start and stop to this behavior. His one-on-one aid is tasked with collecting data for this behavior. Which measurement system is most appropriate to use with this behavior? Only pick one. - correct answers Event recording A 3-year old girl tantrums every time her mother drops her off at her grandmother's house before she goes to work. The mother is concerned about how long the behavior is occurring and asks the grandmother to take some data for her. Which measurement system is most appropriate to use with this behavior? Only pick one. - correct answers Duration recording A 15-year old girl is often late for curfew. Her parents decide to start tracking how late she is from her missed curfew so that they can reduce the time that she stays out past her curfew. Which measurement system is most appropriate to use with this behavior? Only pick one. - correct answers Latency recording A 17-year old teenager is tasked with taking the trash out as one of his chores when the trash is full. His parents are not always able to see him taking out the trash, so they decide to count the number of full trash cans in their home. Which measurement system is most appropriate to use with this behavior? Only pick one. - correct answers Permanent product recording A child's whining behavior occurs at high rates throughout the day during various activities and includes different vocalizations including understandable phrases such as "I don't want to." and crying without tears. The child's aid at school and the parents decide to track this behavior for 30 minutes a day. They divided the observation period into 10-second intervals. If the child engages in whining during any part of the interval the behavior is coded. Which measurement system is the child's aid using? Only pick one. - correct answers Partial interval recording John is often off-task during class. His teacher decides to track his off-task behavior, but she has 24 other students to attend to and cannot focus only on him. Which measurement system is most appropriate to use with this behavior? Only pick one. - correct answers Momentary time sampling Wendy a 6-year old girl screams often at home and wakes up her baby sister. Her parents are looking to track this behavior and they are most concerned about the behavior that is louder than an average noise level. Which measurement system is most appropriate to use with this behavior? Only pick one. - correct answers Intensity recording Alfonso often engages in tantrums that include flopping to the floor. Once Alfonso flops to the floor it often takes a long time to redirect him to the task demand. His one-on-one aid is tasked with tracking the length of this behavior and will report back to the overseeing BCBA. Which measurement system is most appropriate to use with this behavior. Only pick one. - correct answers Duration recording A 7-year old boy bangs his head on his desk, wall, or another hard surface throughout the day and during multiple activities. He uses different levels of force. His parents are tracking this behavior because they are concerned about the bruises that he acquires as a result of this behavior. Which measurement system is most appropriate to use with this behavior? Only pick one. - correct answers Intensity recording Kai is a 4th-grade student who was referred for a spelling intervention. The consultant has put a cover-copy-compare intervention in place. Each week Kai completes a spelling test where he is asked to write 10 spelling words that the consultant used in a sentence. The consultant saves this spelling test as a lasting artifact of the intervention and to progress monitor the effects of the intervention over time. Which measurement system is the consultant using? Only pick one. - correct answers Permanent product recording Juan a 15-year old boy engages in public masturbation. This behavior occurs throughout the day during 1:1 therapy, small group, and lunch. His BCBA has suggested collecting data to inform treatment recommendations, but sometimes the therapist has other clients to attend to. The BCBA has provided the therapist with a MotivAider, which is set for 30-second intervals. At the end of the 30-second interval, the therapist records whether Juan is engaging in public masturbation. Which measurement system is the therapist using? Only pick one. - correct answers Momentary time sampling A mother wants to know how long it takes for her child to begin to follow a direction after she places a demand. She starts a timer after issuing the demand and records how long it takes for her to initiate compliance. Which measurement system is the mother using? Only pick one. - correct answers Latency recording A teacher is concerned about her student's humming behavior in the classroom. The behavior doesn't have a clear start and stop time and seems to present differently depending on the task. Sometimes, the humming is in a low pitch and other times it is very loud. It also can be in the form of a song under some circumstances and in others, it doesn't seem to be recognizable. The parent is concerned because the teacher reported that it is distracting other students in her classes. The teacher will collect data for 45 minutes each day. The observation is divided into 15-second intervals. The teacher will record the behavior as occurring when it has occurred for the duration of the interval. Which measurement system is the teacher using? Only pick one. - correct answers Whole interval recording A BCBA is trying to determine if Thomas has mastered a matching task he has been taught. She asks the RBT to collect data for this behavior during her session with Thomas. The RBT will record each correct response. Which measurement system is the RBT using? Only pick one. - correct answers Event recording Ciara's teacher wanted to know if a fidget spinner increased her on-task behavior during math class. What is the independent variable - correct answers Fidget spinnet A teacher wanted to know if classroom amplification would increase task compliance of students with ADHD. What is the independent variable? - correct answers Amplification The administrators at a residential facility wanted to decrease the number of protective holds. Direct care staff at an ABA center were assigned to one of two conditions: One group completed a crisis management training program; another group of workers did not participate in the training. The number of protective holds initiated by each staff was examined for the next year. What is the independent variable? - correct answers Crisis Management Training A therapist utilized a chain schedule of reinforcement and a child's conversation increased. What is the independent variable? - correct answers Chain Schedule A researcher wanted to know if modeling appropriate conversational responses for students with ASD would improve listening skills. What is the independent variable? - correct answers Modeling A researcher was interested in strategies to increase social participation in students with ASD. Five adolescents with ASD used scripts to learn how to appropriately ask to join an activity. What is the independent variable? - correct answers Scripts A researcher wanted to know whether RBTS were more likely to implement prompt fading procedures with treatment fidelity if they were trained directly with the client who was referred or with the researcher role-playing the part of the client. What is the independent variable? - correct answers Training directly with the client who was referred or with the researcher role-playing the part of the client A professor wanted to know if pop quizzes would increase the frequency of studying outside of the classroom for graduate students. What is the independent variable? - correct answers Pop Quizzes The variables manipulated by researchers (interventions - correct answers independent variable The variables we expect to change given the manipulation (target behaviors) to solve problems of clinical and educational practice. - correct answers dependent variable Sequential confounding - correct answers May influence the participants' responding based on the order in which the experimental conditions are introduced to participants. Can be controlled by counterbalancing. Is best described as the effect of a procedure used in one condition on responding in an adjacent condition. Both A and B are correct (correct answer) A teacher wanted to know if requiring group projects increased overall class participation. What is the independent variable? - correct answers Group project A teacher wanted to know if requiring group projects increased overall class participation. What is the dependent variable? - correct answers Class participation A professor wanted to know if pop quizzes would increase the duration of studying for graduate students. What is the dependent variable? - correct answers Duration of studying A researcher wanted to know whether RBTS were more likely to implement prompt fading procedures with treatment fidelity if they were trained directly with the client who was referred or with the researcher role-playing the part of the client. What is the dependent variable? - correct answers Treatment fidelity Students at a University were split into two groups and each received a different text for a research design course. One group received a traditional textbook, while the other received an interactive textbook on a table computer. After the course, the final exam marks between the two groups of students were compared. What is the dependent variable? - correct answers Final exam marks Students at a University were split into two classes and each class received different exams. One class received a traditional written exam, while the other received practical exams. After the course, the final grades between the two groups of students were compared. What was the independent variable? - correct answers exam type