NSG 300 Exam 3 | Foundations of Nursing | Grand Canyon University (GCU) |
Practice Questions, Answers & Rationales | 3 versions
Prepare for NSG 300 Exam 3 with this comprehensive Foundations of Nursing
study guide featuring original practice questions, accurate answers, and detailed
rationales. Covers core nursing concepts, patient safety, infection prevention,
wound care, pain management, and evidence-based nursing practice. Perfect for
focused review, self-assessment, and exam preparation
Question 1
A nurse is preparing to administer medications to a client. Which action is most
important for the nurse to take to ensure client safety?
A) Check the client's armband after administering the medication
B) Perform the three checks and six rights of medication administration
C) Ask the client what medications they usually take at home
D) Verify the medication dose with another nurse
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The three checks (checking the medication against the MAR at three different
times) and the six rights (right client, drug, dose, route, time, and documentation) are
foundational safety measures in medication administration. Checking the armband after
administration (A) is too late. While verifying the dose with another nurse (D) may be
appropriate for high-risk medications, it is not the most important general safety action.
Question 2
A client is on strict bed rest and is at risk for developing a pressure injury. Which
intervention should the nurse implement first?
A) Apply a moisture-barrier cream to the client's skin
B) Reposition the client every 2 hours
,C) Place a donut-shaped cushion under the client's sacrum
D) Massage bony prominences with lotion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Repositioning every 2 hours is the most effective intervention to prevent
pressure injuries by relieving pressure on bony prominences. Donut-shaped cushions (C)
can cause venous pooling and are not recommended. Massage (D) can damage
underlying tissue and is contraindicated.
Question 3
Which statement made by a nursing student indicates an understanding of the role of
the practical nurse (PN) in the nursing process?
A) "The PN is responsible for developing the initial plan of care."
B) "The PN can reinforce teaching and implement interventions from the RN's
plan."
C) "The PN is legally responsible for the client's overall assessment."
D) "The PN can independently alter the plan of care without consulting the RN."
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: PNs implement interventions and reinforce teaching developed by the RN, who
is responsible for the initial assessment, diagnosis, and planning. PNs cannot
independently change the plan of care (D) or perform comprehensive admission
assessments (C, A).
Question 4
The nurse is caring for a client who refuses to take a prescribed medication. Which
action should the nurse take first?
A) Document the refusal and notify the healthcare provider
B) Explore the client's reasons for refusing the medication
,C) Crush the medication and mix it with applesauce
D) Ask a family member to encourage the client to take the medication
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse should first explore the client's reasons for refusal, which may include
side effects, fear, or lack of understanding. Respecting client autonomy is essential.
Crushing medication (C) without consent is unethical. Documenting and notifying the
provider (A) comes after assessment.
Question 5
Which dietary choice by a client with heart failure indicates understanding of a
low-sodium diet?
A) Canned vegetable soup
B) Fresh grilled chicken with steamed vegetables
C) Pickles with a turkey sandwich
D) Frozen macaroni and cheese
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fresh, unprocessed foods are naturally low in sodium. Canned soups, pickles,
and frozen meals with sauces are typically high in sodium. Clients with heart failure must
limit sodium to reduce fluid retention and workload on the heart.
Question 6
The nurse is performing hand hygiene before caring for a client. Which action is correct?
A) Wash hands with soap and water for at least 10 seconds
B) Use an alcohol-based hand rub for visibly clean hands
C) Use hot water to increase antimicrobial effectiveness
D) Keep hands below the elbows while washing
Correct Answer: B
, Rationale: Alcohol-based hand rub is appropriate for visibly clean hands. Soap and water
should be used for at least 20 seconds (A). Hot water (C) can damage skin; warm water is
recommended. Hands should be held above the elbows to allow water to flow away from
clean areas (D).
Question 7
A client with a urinary catheter has a full drainage bag. The nurse should:
A) Empty the bag by pouring urine down the sink
B) Empty the bag using a graduated container and document the output
C) Allow the bag to remain full until the end of the shift
D) Empty the bag directly into the toilet without measuring
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Intake and output must be accurately measured and documented. Pouring
urine into the sink (A) or toilet (D) without measuring does not allow for accurate I&O
monitoring. Emptying the bag only at the end of the shift (C) is unsafe and may increase
infection risk.
Question 8
The nurse is caring for a client with a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Which
statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching about foot care?
A) "I will check my feet daily for blisters or cuts."
B) "I will wear well-fitting shoes and white socks."
C) "I will soak my feet in hot water to soften calluses."
D) "I will dry between my toes after washing my feet."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Clients with diabetes should avoid soaking feet in hot water because decreased
sensation increases burn risk. They should wash with lukewarm water and pat dry. The
other statements indicate correct understanding of foot care.
Practice Questions, Answers & Rationales | 3 versions
Prepare for NSG 300 Exam 3 with this comprehensive Foundations of Nursing
study guide featuring original practice questions, accurate answers, and detailed
rationales. Covers core nursing concepts, patient safety, infection prevention,
wound care, pain management, and evidence-based nursing practice. Perfect for
focused review, self-assessment, and exam preparation
Question 1
A nurse is preparing to administer medications to a client. Which action is most
important for the nurse to take to ensure client safety?
A) Check the client's armband after administering the medication
B) Perform the three checks and six rights of medication administration
C) Ask the client what medications they usually take at home
D) Verify the medication dose with another nurse
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The three checks (checking the medication against the MAR at three different
times) and the six rights (right client, drug, dose, route, time, and documentation) are
foundational safety measures in medication administration. Checking the armband after
administration (A) is too late. While verifying the dose with another nurse (D) may be
appropriate for high-risk medications, it is not the most important general safety action.
Question 2
A client is on strict bed rest and is at risk for developing a pressure injury. Which
intervention should the nurse implement first?
A) Apply a moisture-barrier cream to the client's skin
B) Reposition the client every 2 hours
,C) Place a donut-shaped cushion under the client's sacrum
D) Massage bony prominences with lotion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Repositioning every 2 hours is the most effective intervention to prevent
pressure injuries by relieving pressure on bony prominences. Donut-shaped cushions (C)
can cause venous pooling and are not recommended. Massage (D) can damage
underlying tissue and is contraindicated.
Question 3
Which statement made by a nursing student indicates an understanding of the role of
the practical nurse (PN) in the nursing process?
A) "The PN is responsible for developing the initial plan of care."
B) "The PN can reinforce teaching and implement interventions from the RN's
plan."
C) "The PN is legally responsible for the client's overall assessment."
D) "The PN can independently alter the plan of care without consulting the RN."
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: PNs implement interventions and reinforce teaching developed by the RN, who
is responsible for the initial assessment, diagnosis, and planning. PNs cannot
independently change the plan of care (D) or perform comprehensive admission
assessments (C, A).
Question 4
The nurse is caring for a client who refuses to take a prescribed medication. Which
action should the nurse take first?
A) Document the refusal and notify the healthcare provider
B) Explore the client's reasons for refusing the medication
,C) Crush the medication and mix it with applesauce
D) Ask a family member to encourage the client to take the medication
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse should first explore the client's reasons for refusal, which may include
side effects, fear, or lack of understanding. Respecting client autonomy is essential.
Crushing medication (C) without consent is unethical. Documenting and notifying the
provider (A) comes after assessment.
Question 5
Which dietary choice by a client with heart failure indicates understanding of a
low-sodium diet?
A) Canned vegetable soup
B) Fresh grilled chicken with steamed vegetables
C) Pickles with a turkey sandwich
D) Frozen macaroni and cheese
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fresh, unprocessed foods are naturally low in sodium. Canned soups, pickles,
and frozen meals with sauces are typically high in sodium. Clients with heart failure must
limit sodium to reduce fluid retention and workload on the heart.
Question 6
The nurse is performing hand hygiene before caring for a client. Which action is correct?
A) Wash hands with soap and water for at least 10 seconds
B) Use an alcohol-based hand rub for visibly clean hands
C) Use hot water to increase antimicrobial effectiveness
D) Keep hands below the elbows while washing
Correct Answer: B
, Rationale: Alcohol-based hand rub is appropriate for visibly clean hands. Soap and water
should be used for at least 20 seconds (A). Hot water (C) can damage skin; warm water is
recommended. Hands should be held above the elbows to allow water to flow away from
clean areas (D).
Question 7
A client with a urinary catheter has a full drainage bag. The nurse should:
A) Empty the bag by pouring urine down the sink
B) Empty the bag using a graduated container and document the output
C) Allow the bag to remain full until the end of the shift
D) Empty the bag directly into the toilet without measuring
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Intake and output must be accurately measured and documented. Pouring
urine into the sink (A) or toilet (D) without measuring does not allow for accurate I&O
monitoring. Emptying the bag only at the end of the shift (C) is unsafe and may increase
infection risk.
Question 8
The nurse is caring for a client with a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Which
statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching about foot care?
A) "I will check my feet daily for blisters or cuts."
B) "I will wear well-fitting shoes and white socks."
C) "I will soak my feet in hot water to soften calluses."
D) "I will dry between my toes after washing my feet."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Clients with diabetes should avoid soaking feet in hot water because decreased
sensation increases burn risk. They should wash with lukewarm water and pat dry. The
other statements indicate correct understanding of foot care.
