BIOL 1322 (NUTRITION) - EXAM 2: COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTION BANK (200 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS &
EXPLANATIONS)
1. A child suffering from protein malnutrition has a swollen belly
appearance due to:
A) Excess carbohydrate intake leading to fat storage.
B) Not eating enough protein for tissue fluid balance.
C) High sodium intake causing water retention.
D) Increased lipid absorption from the diet.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Protein malnutrition leads to low plasma protein levels
(albumin), reducing osmotic pressure and causing fluid to accumulate in
tissues, leading to edema and a swollen belly.
2. A female patient with excessive abdominal fat, LDL 165 mg/dl, HDL
45 mg/dl, and 250 mg/dl triglycerides has:
A) Low risk of cardiovascular disease.
B) Metabolic syndrome and high risk of cardiovascular disease.
C) High HDL levels, which are protective.
D) Normal lipid profile for her age.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: She meets criteria for metabolic syndrome (abdominal
obesity, high triglycerides, low HDL, high LDL). This combination
significantly increases cardiovascular risk.
,3. A female patient with prediabetes, serum triglyceride 250 mg/dl,
and HDL of 45 mg/dl, LDL 95 mg/dL, and total cholesterol 170 mg/dl
would:
A) Have a normal metabolic profile.
B) Have metabolic syndrome.
C) Only have hyperlipidemia.
D) Be at low risk for diabetes complications.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Metabolic syndrome is diagnosed with three or more risk
factors: prediabetes, high triglycerides (≥150 mg/dl), and low HDL (<50
mg/dl in females).
4. A higher intake of soluble fibers has been shown to reduce the risk
of:
A) Kidney stones.
B) Heart disease.
C) Osteoporosis.
D) Anemia.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Soluble fiber binds cholesterol and bile acids, reducing
serum cholesterol levels and thereby lowering heart disease risk.
5. A male patient with total cholesterol 245 mg/dl, LDL 165 mg/dl,
HDL 35 mg/dl, and glucose 98 mg/dl would:
A) Have normal lipid levels.
,B) Be at risk of cardiovascular disease.
C) Only have impaired glucose tolerance.
D) Have metabolic syndrome.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: High total cholesterol, high LDL, and low HDL are major
risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
6. According to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges
(AMDRs), how many calories should come from lipids for a person on
a 2000 kcal a day diet?
A) 400-600 kcal
B) 100-200 kcal
C) 600-800 kcal
D) 400-700 kcal
E) 200-400 kcal
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: AMDR for lipids is 20-35% of total calories. For a 2000 kcal
diet, that is 400-700 kcal.
7. According to the AMDR, what is the maximum amount of fat in
grams recommended for a 2000-calorie diet?
A) 55 grams
B) 78 grams
C) 89 grams
D) 100 grams
, Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The AMDR maximum for fat is 35% of calories. 35% of
2000 kcal = 700 kcal from fat, divided by 9 kcal/g = ~78 grams.
8. All are factors that increase cardiovascular disease risk, EXCEPT:
A) Smoking.
B) Hypertension.
C) Female gender.
D) High LDL cholesterol.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Female gender itself is not a risk factor; in fact,
premenopausal women have lower risk than men. Risk increases after
menopause.
9. All of the following dietary changes reduce the risk of
cardiovascular disease, EXCEPT:
A) Increasing soluble fiber intake.
B) Replacing saturated fats with unsaturated fats.
C) Increasing the omega-6 to omega-3 ratio.
D) Reducing trans fat intake.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: A high omega-6 to omega-3 ratio promotes inflammation
and increases CVD risk, rather than reducing it.
QUESTION BANK (200 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS &
EXPLANATIONS)
1. A child suffering from protein malnutrition has a swollen belly
appearance due to:
A) Excess carbohydrate intake leading to fat storage.
B) Not eating enough protein for tissue fluid balance.
C) High sodium intake causing water retention.
D) Increased lipid absorption from the diet.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Protein malnutrition leads to low plasma protein levels
(albumin), reducing osmotic pressure and causing fluid to accumulate in
tissues, leading to edema and a swollen belly.
2. A female patient with excessive abdominal fat, LDL 165 mg/dl, HDL
45 mg/dl, and 250 mg/dl triglycerides has:
A) Low risk of cardiovascular disease.
B) Metabolic syndrome and high risk of cardiovascular disease.
C) High HDL levels, which are protective.
D) Normal lipid profile for her age.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: She meets criteria for metabolic syndrome (abdominal
obesity, high triglycerides, low HDL, high LDL). This combination
significantly increases cardiovascular risk.
,3. A female patient with prediabetes, serum triglyceride 250 mg/dl,
and HDL of 45 mg/dl, LDL 95 mg/dL, and total cholesterol 170 mg/dl
would:
A) Have a normal metabolic profile.
B) Have metabolic syndrome.
C) Only have hyperlipidemia.
D) Be at low risk for diabetes complications.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Metabolic syndrome is diagnosed with three or more risk
factors: prediabetes, high triglycerides (≥150 mg/dl), and low HDL (<50
mg/dl in females).
4. A higher intake of soluble fibers has been shown to reduce the risk
of:
A) Kidney stones.
B) Heart disease.
C) Osteoporosis.
D) Anemia.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Soluble fiber binds cholesterol and bile acids, reducing
serum cholesterol levels and thereby lowering heart disease risk.
5. A male patient with total cholesterol 245 mg/dl, LDL 165 mg/dl,
HDL 35 mg/dl, and glucose 98 mg/dl would:
A) Have normal lipid levels.
,B) Be at risk of cardiovascular disease.
C) Only have impaired glucose tolerance.
D) Have metabolic syndrome.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: High total cholesterol, high LDL, and low HDL are major
risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
6. According to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges
(AMDRs), how many calories should come from lipids for a person on
a 2000 kcal a day diet?
A) 400-600 kcal
B) 100-200 kcal
C) 600-800 kcal
D) 400-700 kcal
E) 200-400 kcal
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: AMDR for lipids is 20-35% of total calories. For a 2000 kcal
diet, that is 400-700 kcal.
7. According to the AMDR, what is the maximum amount of fat in
grams recommended for a 2000-calorie diet?
A) 55 grams
B) 78 grams
C) 89 grams
D) 100 grams
, Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The AMDR maximum for fat is 35% of calories. 35% of
2000 kcal = 700 kcal from fat, divided by 9 kcal/g = ~78 grams.
8. All are factors that increase cardiovascular disease risk, EXCEPT:
A) Smoking.
B) Hypertension.
C) Female gender.
D) High LDL cholesterol.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Female gender itself is not a risk factor; in fact,
premenopausal women have lower risk than men. Risk increases after
menopause.
9. All of the following dietary changes reduce the risk of
cardiovascular disease, EXCEPT:
A) Increasing soluble fiber intake.
B) Replacing saturated fats with unsaturated fats.
C) Increasing the omega-6 to omega-3 ratio.
D) Reducing trans fat intake.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: A high omega-6 to omega-3 ratio promotes inflammation
and increases CVD risk, rather than reducing it.
