ECOL 1000 UGA Connelly Exam 2 2026
Question and Answer | Latest Verified
Questions from Prior Exam Scripts
• Natural selection -✓✓the differential success (survival & reproduction) of
individuals within the population that results from their interaction with their
environment
• 3 conditions of evolution by natural selection -✓✓1) Variation among individuals
of heritable characteristics; must be able to pass on trait
2) Inheritance of that variation to offspring
3) The variation results in differences among individuals in fitness; i.e., differences
in survival and reproductive success of parent
• Allee effect -✓✓reduction in reproduction or survival of a species when at low-
population densities
• Integrated Pest Management -✓✓The effective combination of three types of pest
control to manage pest populations while minimizing environmental damage
Do not need to totally eradicate pest populations...
Combing ecological, biological, & chemical methods
• Biological pest control -✓✓Using natural predators and parasites to manage pests
• Food accounts for ___ our ecological footprint (less in less developed countries) -
✓✓~25%
,• How to maximize effects of pesticides and minimize environmental impacts? -
✓✓Use short-lived pesticides
Use pesticides that target only certain species
Study life cycles of target pests to determine best time and place to use chemicals
(which may be never)
• Forms of hydrocarbons (3): -✓✓crude oil (liquid)
natural gas (gas)
coal (solid)
• The formation of oil is caused by: -✓✓photosynthesis in the oceans, dead marine
organic matter sinking, and anaerobic conditions (anoxic) (aka lack of oxygen)
• The process of forming oil.... -✓✓1) sediments bury organic matter
2) non-porous layers of rock or salt form "trap"
3) pressure & heat (millions of years)
• Where is 1/2 of the 1.7 trillion barrels of global proven reserves? -✓✓Middle
East
• The US houses ___% of the 1 trillion barrels of oil. -✓✓4%
• varying costs of extraction of oil? -✓✓$10 / barrel (Middle East)
~ $36 / barrel (continental U.S.)
Deepwater Gulf of Mexico oil had considerably lower economic costs
, • What was the dominant form of energy until 1800's? -✓✓Coal
• Where was the first commercial well located in 1859? -✓✓Titusville, PA
• When did crude oil become dominant? -✓✓1951
• When can we expect peak global production? -✓✓Nobody knows when, but it
WILL happen.
• Hubbert Curve -✓✓M. King Hubbert (1950's) proposed oil exploitation follows a
bell-shaped curve. Predicted peak in 1970
• Was Hubbert right? -✓✓In 1970, the US continental peak happened
• OPEC -✓✓The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, a group of 14
nations which collaboratively are largely responsible for global oil prices.
• In 1970, what did OPEC do? -✓✓They restrained production in order to get
higher prices.
• The oil embargo cut production ___% each month, and ____________exports to
US. -✓✓5%, banned
• The oil embargo spurred 5 things: -✓✓-Trans-Alaskan Pipeline
-Strategic Petroleum Reserve
-Department of Energy (DOE)
Question and Answer | Latest Verified
Questions from Prior Exam Scripts
• Natural selection -✓✓the differential success (survival & reproduction) of
individuals within the population that results from their interaction with their
environment
• 3 conditions of evolution by natural selection -✓✓1) Variation among individuals
of heritable characteristics; must be able to pass on trait
2) Inheritance of that variation to offspring
3) The variation results in differences among individuals in fitness; i.e., differences
in survival and reproductive success of parent
• Allee effect -✓✓reduction in reproduction or survival of a species when at low-
population densities
• Integrated Pest Management -✓✓The effective combination of three types of pest
control to manage pest populations while minimizing environmental damage
Do not need to totally eradicate pest populations...
Combing ecological, biological, & chemical methods
• Biological pest control -✓✓Using natural predators and parasites to manage pests
• Food accounts for ___ our ecological footprint (less in less developed countries) -
✓✓~25%
,• How to maximize effects of pesticides and minimize environmental impacts? -
✓✓Use short-lived pesticides
Use pesticides that target only certain species
Study life cycles of target pests to determine best time and place to use chemicals
(which may be never)
• Forms of hydrocarbons (3): -✓✓crude oil (liquid)
natural gas (gas)
coal (solid)
• The formation of oil is caused by: -✓✓photosynthesis in the oceans, dead marine
organic matter sinking, and anaerobic conditions (anoxic) (aka lack of oxygen)
• The process of forming oil.... -✓✓1) sediments bury organic matter
2) non-porous layers of rock or salt form "trap"
3) pressure & heat (millions of years)
• Where is 1/2 of the 1.7 trillion barrels of global proven reserves? -✓✓Middle
East
• The US houses ___% of the 1 trillion barrels of oil. -✓✓4%
• varying costs of extraction of oil? -✓✓$10 / barrel (Middle East)
~ $36 / barrel (continental U.S.)
Deepwater Gulf of Mexico oil had considerably lower economic costs
, • What was the dominant form of energy until 1800's? -✓✓Coal
• Where was the first commercial well located in 1859? -✓✓Titusville, PA
• When did crude oil become dominant? -✓✓1951
• When can we expect peak global production? -✓✓Nobody knows when, but it
WILL happen.
• Hubbert Curve -✓✓M. King Hubbert (1950's) proposed oil exploitation follows a
bell-shaped curve. Predicted peak in 1970
• Was Hubbert right? -✓✓In 1970, the US continental peak happened
• OPEC -✓✓The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, a group of 14
nations which collaboratively are largely responsible for global oil prices.
• In 1970, what did OPEC do? -✓✓They restrained production in order to get
higher prices.
• The oil embargo cut production ___% each month, and ____________exports to
US. -✓✓5%, banned
• The oil embargo spurred 5 things: -✓✓-Trans-Alaskan Pipeline
-Strategic Petroleum Reserve
-Department of Energy (DOE)
