CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND SEROLOGY 5
BY LINDA MILLER REVIEW PAPER 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH EXPERT
SOLUTIONS AND MARKING SCHEME
◉ What amino acid is used to initiate most proteins in eukaryotes?
Answer: Methionine
◉ The process of protein synthesis is also called:
Answer: translation
◉ Protein structure characterized by the combination of different
proteins that all together are required for protein function is which
level of protein structure?
Answer: Quaternary
◉ Nucleotides in DNA consist of which of the following?
Answer: Nitrogen base, deoxyribose, and phosphate
◉ A specific function of the immune system is to:
Answer: all of the above
,recognize self from nonself.
defend the body against nonself
Retain latent protection for future exposures
◉ An undesirable consequence of immunity is:
Answer: an autoimmune disorder
◉ If microorganisms penetrate the first line of defense, a second line
of ____________ form defense mechanisms that become operational.
Answer: cellular and humoral components
◉ The most dramatic immediate hypersensitivity reaction is:
Answer: anaphalyxis
◉ The type of immunoglobulin involved in type I hypersensitivity
reactions is:
Answer: IgE
◉ Mechanisms of innate immunity:
Answer: two of the answers are correct
◉ An antigen is described as a substance that:
,Answer: all of the above
stimulates antibody formation
has the ability to bind to an antibody
is capable of stimulating an immune response
◉ Another name for the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in
humans is:
Answer: human leukocyte antigen
◉ Haptens are characterized as being:
Answer: antigenic when coupled to a carrier molecule
◉ Which immunoglobulin (Ig) class is the first to be manifested after
antigen exposure?
Answer: IgM
◉ Which immunoglobulin (Ig) class is produced in the highest
concentration in a secondary (anamnestic) response?
Answer: IgG
◉ Tears, saliva, and other body secretions typically contain:
Answer: IgA
, ◉ Monoclonal antibodies are:
Answer: all of the above
Able to recognize and bind to a specific antigen.
Derived from a single clone of cells.
Used to deliver immunotherapy.
◉ The sequence of blood cell development in the embryo and fetus
is:
Answer: yolk sac, liver, spleen, bone marrow
◉ If the first line of nonspecific body defense, intact skin, is cut with
a piece of glass contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus, which
cellular component of the immune system quickly responds?
Answer: neutrophils
◉ The name of the process that promotes attraction of phagocytic
cells toward a foreign particle is:
Answer: chemotaxis
◉ Enhancement of phagocytosis by the coating of foreign particles
with serum proteins is called:
Answer: opsonization
BY LINDA MILLER REVIEW PAPER 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH EXPERT
SOLUTIONS AND MARKING SCHEME
◉ What amino acid is used to initiate most proteins in eukaryotes?
Answer: Methionine
◉ The process of protein synthesis is also called:
Answer: translation
◉ Protein structure characterized by the combination of different
proteins that all together are required for protein function is which
level of protein structure?
Answer: Quaternary
◉ Nucleotides in DNA consist of which of the following?
Answer: Nitrogen base, deoxyribose, and phosphate
◉ A specific function of the immune system is to:
Answer: all of the above
,recognize self from nonself.
defend the body against nonself
Retain latent protection for future exposures
◉ An undesirable consequence of immunity is:
Answer: an autoimmune disorder
◉ If microorganisms penetrate the first line of defense, a second line
of ____________ form defense mechanisms that become operational.
Answer: cellular and humoral components
◉ The most dramatic immediate hypersensitivity reaction is:
Answer: anaphalyxis
◉ The type of immunoglobulin involved in type I hypersensitivity
reactions is:
Answer: IgE
◉ Mechanisms of innate immunity:
Answer: two of the answers are correct
◉ An antigen is described as a substance that:
,Answer: all of the above
stimulates antibody formation
has the ability to bind to an antibody
is capable of stimulating an immune response
◉ Another name for the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in
humans is:
Answer: human leukocyte antigen
◉ Haptens are characterized as being:
Answer: antigenic when coupled to a carrier molecule
◉ Which immunoglobulin (Ig) class is the first to be manifested after
antigen exposure?
Answer: IgM
◉ Which immunoglobulin (Ig) class is produced in the highest
concentration in a secondary (anamnestic) response?
Answer: IgG
◉ Tears, saliva, and other body secretions typically contain:
Answer: IgA
, ◉ Monoclonal antibodies are:
Answer: all of the above
Able to recognize and bind to a specific antigen.
Derived from a single clone of cells.
Used to deliver immunotherapy.
◉ The sequence of blood cell development in the embryo and fetus
is:
Answer: yolk sac, liver, spleen, bone marrow
◉ If the first line of nonspecific body defense, intact skin, is cut with
a piece of glass contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus, which
cellular component of the immune system quickly responds?
Answer: neutrophils
◉ The name of the process that promotes attraction of phagocytic
cells toward a foreign particle is:
Answer: chemotaxis
◉ Enhancement of phagocytosis by the coating of foreign particles
with serum proteins is called:
Answer: opsonization
