COMM 3330 Exam 1 Complete Questions With Accurate Answers.

Nonverbal communication - correct answers Behavior other than written or spoken language that creates meaning for someone Nonverbal communication codes in a situation - correct answers -Kinestics -Vocalics -Proxemics -Haptics -Chronemics -Physical appearance -Artifacts and environment -Olfacts a message - correct answers verbal, written, or recorded communication sent to or left for a recipient who couldn't be contacted directly a behavior - correct answers any actions or reactions performed by an organism. It can take place without others witnessing it, responding to it or understanding it (person taking a nap at home) What traits are required to be a skilled encoder of nonverbal communication? - correct answers •Well-adjusted, extroverted, outgoing, nonreticent and physically attractive •Communication is generally more expressive, animated and coordinated ontogentic - correct answers Refers to development from birth onward phylogenetic - correct answers Evolutionary development interaction primacy - correct answers Precedes verbal behavior, before we have an interaction with someone we must see the other person How and why are nonverbal messages influential? - correct answers Nonverbal messages are often trusted more than verbal messages because sometimes the sender isn't even aware that they're giving off a nonverbal What are the functions of nonverbal communication? - correct answers A. Defining nonverbal communication B. Integrating nonverbal and verbal messages C. Forming and managing impressions D. Defining relationships E. Structuring conversation F. Influencing and deceiving G. Expression emotions Whats a sign? - correct answers Natural and intrinsic representations of what something signifies Ex: smoke signals fire Whats a symbol? - correct answers Arbitrarily assigned representations that stand for something else Ex: the peace sign Is nonverbal communication trusted? - correct answers Yes. Often trusted over verbal communication because nonverbal behaviors are often spontaneous and uncontrolled Whats Culture? - correct answers a socially constructed phenomenon that is passed on from generation to generation Whats Co-Culture? - correct answers exist within a given "mainstream" culture Individualist Cultures - correct answers Value Personal space, autonomy, privacy, freedom Collectivist cultures - correct answers Value harmony among people and between people and nature High-context cultures - correct answers communicate in ways that are implicit and rely heavily on context. -are collectivist, value interpersonal relationships, and have members that form stable, close relationships. Low-context cultures - correct answers rely on explicit verbal communication low power distance cultures - correct answers Egalitarian, power and resources spread out among different individuals and various groups of people and less distinction between classes. high power distance cultures - correct answers Typically authoritarian with power and resources held by only a few high status members of society Feminine Cultures - correct answers value stereotypically female traits such as compassion, caregiving, and cooperation masculine cultures - correct answers more rigid gender roles and value stereotypically male traits such as ambition, strength and competitiveness polychromic culture - correct answers The focus is on doing multiple tasks simultaneously and avoiding strict scheduling. monochromic culture - correct answers The focus is on taking one task at a time and adhering to schedules What are the risks of making comparisons across cultures? - correct answers •People can fall into the trap of evaluating cross-cultural differences in reference to their own culture, which can lead people to believe the foreign behavioral pattern is odd or inferior •Emphasizing differences over similarities •Overgeneralizing or stereotyping •Viewing cultural norms as static •Viewing cultures through an ethnocentric lens What is the Bio-Evolutionary perspective and how does it apply to nonverbal communication? - correct answers * Takes into account the broad influences of evolution and the more specific influences of biology simultaneously * How behaviors and emotions are related to specific genes, hormones, neurological structures, and immune systems Inclusive Fitness Theory - correct answers Goals of Procreation is to replicate one's genes, not necessarily to replicate oneself. How have facial displays been affected by evolution and biology? - correct answers * They are fairly consistent across cultures * Infants use the same displays as adults even though they have not yet learned them * Certain facial expressions are associated with specific physiological effects What did Darwin propose about facial displays? - correct answers * People became conditioned to preform specific facial displays when they experience specific emotions * Some facial displays of emotion are conditioned through states of mind, whereas others are the product of nervous system arousal facial feedback hypothesis - correct answers Merely engaging in a facial display of emotion will spark physiological changes that are consistent with that emotion What is the most important of the five senses for survival? Why? - correct answers Touch Without touch, one would be constantly susceptible to injury, temperature extremes, and other environmental threats Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) - correct answers we are most attracted to someone who has an MHC that is dissimilar to ours What kind physical features are we most attracted to? - correct answers Ones that signal health, fertility and symmetrical bodies What is waist-to hip ratio (WHR) and how is it significant? - correct answers Ratio of waist width to hip width, women with a WHR of .7 tend to have maximum reproductive success Why is eye behavior important in terms of attraction to others? - correct answers Your pupils dilate when you see someone attractive Dilated pupils makes you more physically attractive to others Do nonverbal behaviors have multiple meanings and if so, how? - correct answers Yes, because of polysemy Are nonverbal codes comprised of only analogic or digital elements, or both? - correct answers Both Are nonverbal behaviors iconic and to what degree? - correct answers Yes, to the degree that they resemble directly what they refer to and preserve a one-to-one correspondence in size Know the Six Principles of Channel Reliance - correct answers 1.On average, adults rely more on nonverbal cues than on verbal cues to demine social meaning 2. Children rely more on verbal cues than adults do 3. Adults rely more on nonverbal cues when verbal and nonverbal channels conflict than when these channels are congruent 4. Channel reliance depends on the communication function at stake 5. When the content in different channels is congruent, the meanings of the cues tend to be averaged together equally; When content is incongruent, there is greater variability in how information is integrated 6. Individuals have biases in their channel dependence How does nonverbal communication aid in message generation? - correct answers Gestures accompanying speech may assist speakers in "priming the pump" -Help activate and recall words, thoughts, images, and ideas from memory that become part of the utterance Semantic Encoding - correct answers -Nonverbal displays that accompany speech Ex: "The whale was enormous!" (holds hands out wide) Phonological Encoding - correct answers -Pitch, rhythm and loudness Ex: "I can't believe you bailed AGAIN" What is Propinquity and why is it important in making connections? - correct answers Geographic proximity-You're more likely to connect to people who are close to you recognize the Dimensions of Privacy - correct answers -Physical -Social -Psychological -Informational Sociofugal Environments - correct answers Thrusts people apart Ex: office cubical, doctors offices Socialpetal Environments - correct answers Brings people together Ex: Bars, parties How are proxemics important in making connections? - correct answers The spacing and amount of touch between people can define if a situation is public or private Common stages of interaction - correct answers -Sighting, orientation, and initiation of approach -Head dip -Approach -Final approach and close salutation Terminating interaction rituals - correct answers Usually involve summarizing what has been said during the conversation Turn Suppressing - correct answers (Speaker cue) Used by speaker to maintain possession of the floor •Audible inhalation of breath by the speaker •Continuation of gesture •Facing away, or diverting gaze from the listener •Sustained intonation-more vocalization is yet to come •Fillers "hmmm" and "uhhh" Turn yielding - correct answers (Speaker cue) Used by speakers to give up the floor. •Termination of gesturing, making eye contact, facing the listener, falling intonation, silence Turn requesting cues - correct answers (Listener cues) Behaviors the listener uses to gain possession of the conversational floor Ex: raised hand Backchannel cues - correct answers (Litening cue) Behaviors the listener uses to communicate a variety of messages to the speaker without gaining access to the conversational floor -Help pass the speaker •Ex: Smiling, frowning, head nodding, raised eyebrows Turn denying cues - correct answers Provide a way for a listener to refuse a turn nonverbally Ex: Staring away from the speaker, silence What are the four classes of boundary markers? - correct answers -Proxemics shifts -Extra interactional activities -Silences -Paralinguistic cues