CISSN Exam Review Questions and Answers
with Verified Solutions | Latest Updated 2026
,Explain how carnosine is - carnosine (B-alanyl Histidine) is made in
synthesized the body
within the body from histidine and B-alanine via an energy
dependent reaction cartelized by carnosine
synthetase
-found in skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle,
brain,
kidney, and stomach
-available in meats and absorbed in
intestine via
peptide transporters
- antioxidant activity (hydroxyl and
superoxide
radical) and oppose glycation
- suppress lipid peroxidation and react with
protein
carbonyl
- regulates intracellular calcium and
contractility in
muscle
- primarily, carnosine with pH buffering
capacity is
widely used in the field of sports nutrition.
Because
the dissociation exponent (pKa) of
carnosine is
6.83, it is suggested that carnosine
attenuates the
reduction in blood pH by a large amount of
H+
originating from the dissociation of lactic
acid
during strenuous exercise, and suppresses
a loss of
force
,What is a waxy maize starch and - a highly branched starch called
what effect does it have on blood amylopectin.
glucose? Water soluble and absorbed by the gut
more
quickly than dextrose or maltodextrin,
research has
not substantiated this claim.
-has been shown to be absorbed with less
insulin,
allowing ketogenic affects to remain,
increase both
glycogen and FFA substrate utilization
Based on recent studies, which Vitamin D
vitamin shows evidence of
positively
affecting muscle function?
What is needed for Gluconeogenesis relies upon lactate,
gluconeogenesis pyruvate,
in humans? Give examples of glycerol (a catabolic product of triglycerols)
gluconeogenic precursors? and
certain amino acids (glutamine and
alanine)
, What effect does long-term coffee Results suggest that moderate
consumption have on Type II consumption of
Diabetes? both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee
may
lower risk of type II diabetes in younger
and
middle-aged women. Coffee constituents
other
than caffeine may affect the development
of type II
diabetes
What effect does supplementing - The major finding of this investigation
with WPI have on muscle was that
damage? whey protein isolate supplementation
attenuated
the impairment in isometric and isokinetic
muscle
forces during recovery from
exercise-induced
muscle injury
- The current study demonstrates that
whey protein
is a partially hydrolyzed (pre-digested)
form
improves strength recovery rates, possibly
due to
an increase in the rate of repair processes
and/or a
reduction in the extent of damage, from
intense
training, in particular, eccentric exercise
that is
commonly used in weight training
with Verified Solutions | Latest Updated 2026
,Explain how carnosine is - carnosine (B-alanyl Histidine) is made in
synthesized the body
within the body from histidine and B-alanine via an energy
dependent reaction cartelized by carnosine
synthetase
-found in skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle,
brain,
kidney, and stomach
-available in meats and absorbed in
intestine via
peptide transporters
- antioxidant activity (hydroxyl and
superoxide
radical) and oppose glycation
- suppress lipid peroxidation and react with
protein
carbonyl
- regulates intracellular calcium and
contractility in
muscle
- primarily, carnosine with pH buffering
capacity is
widely used in the field of sports nutrition.
Because
the dissociation exponent (pKa) of
carnosine is
6.83, it is suggested that carnosine
attenuates the
reduction in blood pH by a large amount of
H+
originating from the dissociation of lactic
acid
during strenuous exercise, and suppresses
a loss of
force
,What is a waxy maize starch and - a highly branched starch called
what effect does it have on blood amylopectin.
glucose? Water soluble and absorbed by the gut
more
quickly than dextrose or maltodextrin,
research has
not substantiated this claim.
-has been shown to be absorbed with less
insulin,
allowing ketogenic affects to remain,
increase both
glycogen and FFA substrate utilization
Based on recent studies, which Vitamin D
vitamin shows evidence of
positively
affecting muscle function?
What is needed for Gluconeogenesis relies upon lactate,
gluconeogenesis pyruvate,
in humans? Give examples of glycerol (a catabolic product of triglycerols)
gluconeogenic precursors? and
certain amino acids (glutamine and
alanine)
, What effect does long-term coffee Results suggest that moderate
consumption have on Type II consumption of
Diabetes? both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee
may
lower risk of type II diabetes in younger
and
middle-aged women. Coffee constituents
other
than caffeine may affect the development
of type II
diabetes
What effect does supplementing - The major finding of this investigation
with WPI have on muscle was that
damage? whey protein isolate supplementation
attenuated
the impairment in isometric and isokinetic
muscle
forces during recovery from
exercise-induced
muscle injury
- The current study demonstrates that
whey protein
is a partially hydrolyzed (pre-digested)
form
improves strength recovery rates, possibly
due to
an increase in the rate of repair processes
and/or a
reduction in the extent of damage, from
intense
training, in particular, eccentric exercise
that is
commonly used in weight training
