NUR 6011/NUR6011 Exam 3 V2 | Advance
Pharmacology Q&A with Rationale |
William Paterson University
1. A patient is prescribed Vancomycin for a severe MRSA infection. During the infusion, the
patient develops flushing and a rash on their upper body. What is the most appropriate
nursing action?
A. Slow the rate of the infusion and continue to monitor the patient.
B. Stop the infusion and prepare to administer epinephrine immediately.
C. Discontinue the medication and document a permanent allergy to Vancomycin.
D. Increase the infusion rate to finish the dose as quickly as possible.
Answer: A
Rationale: This reaction is known as Red Man Syndrome, which is caused by the rapid
release of histamine rather than a true allergic IgE-mediated response. It is typically
managed by slowing the infusion rate and potentially administering an antihistamine. It is
important to distinguish this from anaphylaxis, which would require epinephrine and drug
discontinuation.
2. Which of the following instructions is crucial for a patient starting Tetracycline therapy?
A. Take the medication with a large glass of milk to prevent GI upset.
B. Avoid direct sunlight and wear sunscreen when outdoors.
,C. Take the medication right before lying down for sleep.
D. Expect your urine to turn a bright orange color during therapy.
Answer: B
Rationale: Tetracyclines are known to cause significant photosensitivity, increasing the
risk of severe sunburn. Patients should also avoid dairy products and antacids as they
interfere with the absorption of the drug. Taking the drug before lying down should be
avoided to prevent esophageal irritation and ulceration.
3. A patient with a history of heart failure is prescribed Theophylline for chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD). What should the nurse monitor closely?
A. The patient for signs of severe constipation and urinary retention.
B. Serum drug levels to ensure they stay within the 10-20 mcg/mL range.
C. Blood glucose levels for a significant drop indicating hypoglycemia.
D. The patient’s weight for a sudden increase due to fluid retention.
Answer: B
Rationale: Theophylline has a narrow therapeutic index, meaning the difference between a
therapeutic and toxic dose is small. Toxic levels can lead to life-threatening dysrhythmias
and seizures. Regular monitoring of serum levels is essential for safety and efficacy.
, 4. When teaching a patient about the use of a Fluticasone MDI, which statement is most
important?
A. Use this inhaler as needed for sudden shortness of breath.
B. Stop using the inhaler if you do not see results within two days.
C. Rinse your mouth with water after each use of the inhaler.
D. This medication will replace your Albuterol inhaler entirely.
Answer: C
Rationale: Fluticasone is an inhaled corticosteroid used for long-term maintenance of
asthma and COPD. Rinsing the mouth helps prevent the development of oropharyngeal
candidiasis, also known as thrush. It is not a rescue inhaler and should be used consistently
regardless of daily symptoms.
5. A patient is prescribed Metronidazole for a trichomoniasis infection. Which substance
should the patient be told to strictly avoid?
A. Caffeinated beverages.
B. Alcoholic beverages.
C. Grapefruit juice.
D. Aged cheeses.
Answer: B
Pharmacology Q&A with Rationale |
William Paterson University
1. A patient is prescribed Vancomycin for a severe MRSA infection. During the infusion, the
patient develops flushing and a rash on their upper body. What is the most appropriate
nursing action?
A. Slow the rate of the infusion and continue to monitor the patient.
B. Stop the infusion and prepare to administer epinephrine immediately.
C. Discontinue the medication and document a permanent allergy to Vancomycin.
D. Increase the infusion rate to finish the dose as quickly as possible.
Answer: A
Rationale: This reaction is known as Red Man Syndrome, which is caused by the rapid
release of histamine rather than a true allergic IgE-mediated response. It is typically
managed by slowing the infusion rate and potentially administering an antihistamine. It is
important to distinguish this from anaphylaxis, which would require epinephrine and drug
discontinuation.
2. Which of the following instructions is crucial for a patient starting Tetracycline therapy?
A. Take the medication with a large glass of milk to prevent GI upset.
B. Avoid direct sunlight and wear sunscreen when outdoors.
,C. Take the medication right before lying down for sleep.
D. Expect your urine to turn a bright orange color during therapy.
Answer: B
Rationale: Tetracyclines are known to cause significant photosensitivity, increasing the
risk of severe sunburn. Patients should also avoid dairy products and antacids as they
interfere with the absorption of the drug. Taking the drug before lying down should be
avoided to prevent esophageal irritation and ulceration.
3. A patient with a history of heart failure is prescribed Theophylline for chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD). What should the nurse monitor closely?
A. The patient for signs of severe constipation and urinary retention.
B. Serum drug levels to ensure they stay within the 10-20 mcg/mL range.
C. Blood glucose levels for a significant drop indicating hypoglycemia.
D. The patient’s weight for a sudden increase due to fluid retention.
Answer: B
Rationale: Theophylline has a narrow therapeutic index, meaning the difference between a
therapeutic and toxic dose is small. Toxic levels can lead to life-threatening dysrhythmias
and seizures. Regular monitoring of serum levels is essential for safety and efficacy.
, 4. When teaching a patient about the use of a Fluticasone MDI, which statement is most
important?
A. Use this inhaler as needed for sudden shortness of breath.
B. Stop using the inhaler if you do not see results within two days.
C. Rinse your mouth with water after each use of the inhaler.
D. This medication will replace your Albuterol inhaler entirely.
Answer: C
Rationale: Fluticasone is an inhaled corticosteroid used for long-term maintenance of
asthma and COPD. Rinsing the mouth helps prevent the development of oropharyngeal
candidiasis, also known as thrush. It is not a rescue inhaler and should be used consistently
regardless of daily symptoms.
5. A patient is prescribed Metronidazole for a trichomoniasis infection. Which substance
should the patient be told to strictly avoid?
A. Caffeinated beverages.
B. Alcoholic beverages.
C. Grapefruit juice.
D. Aged cheeses.
Answer: B
