KNES 451 Exam 1 Review Questions And Answers Welk Defined.

_____ is the prefix for difficult, painful, faulty - correct answers dys _____ is the prefix for excessive, above - correct answers hyper ____ is the prefix for enlargement - correct answers megaly _____ is the suffix for pain - correct answers algia ____ is the suffix for surgical removal - correct answers ectomy ____ is the suffix for abnormal condition or disease - correct answers osis ____ is the suffix for abnormal softening - correct answers malacia ____ is the prefix for deficient, decreased - correct answers hypo ____ is the suffix for inflammation - correct answers itis ____ is the suffix for breaking down, dissolution - correct answers lysis ____ is the suffix for bleeding, bursting forth - correct answers rrhage ____ is the suffix for creation of an opening - correct answers stomy ____ is the suffix for surgical incision - correct answers tomy ____ is the suffix for surgical repair - correct answers plasty ____ is the suffix for surgical suturing - correct answers rrhaphy ____ is the suffix for visual examination - correct answers scopy ____ is the prefix for disease of - correct answers pathos _____ is the suffix for abnormal reduction - correct answers penia ___ is the prefix for internal - correct answers endo ____ is the suffix for flow or discharge - correct answers rrhea ____ is the prefix that refers to the lungs - correct answers pulmo ____ is the prefix that refers to the heart - correct answers cardio ____ is the prefix that refers to the liver - correct answers hepato ____ is the prefix that refers to the kidney - correct answers nephro _____ is the prefix that refers to the stomach - correct answers gastro pain is classified as a _______. - correct answers symptom The medical term _____ describes an inflammation of the stomach. - correct answers gastritis The term ____ means pertaining to a virus. - correct answers viral An ____ is the surgical removal of an appendix. - correct answers appendectomy The term _____ describes the surgical repair of the nose. - correct answers rhinoplasty The term ______ means the softening of bone. - correct answers osteomalacia The term _____ means enlargement of the liver. - correct answers hepatomegaly A fever is considered to be a _______. - correct answers sign The term meaning pain in a joint or joints is _______. - correct answers arthralgia A _______ is a physician who specializes in diagnosis and treating diseases and disorders of the skin. - correct answers dermatologist A medical specialist concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of disease is a _______. - correct answers pathologist The term meaning runny nose is ______. - correct answers rhinorrhea The term meaning the inflammation within the head is _______. - correct answers encephalitis A medical specialist who studies disorders of the skin is a ______. - correct answers dermatologist The term meaning a surgical incision into a kidney is a ______. - correct answers nephrotomy The term meaning visual examination of urine is ____. - correct answers uroscopy The term meaning pain of the head is ______. - correct answers cephalgia The term meaning puncture to remove fluid (aspiration) from around the heart is ________. - correct answers pericardiopcentesis ____ are objective, something that the clinician can see or feel in the patient, definitive. - correct answers signs temperature, respiration, swelling, and HR are all examples of ____. - correct answers signs _____ are subjective, something the patient feels and has to tell you, indication. - correct answers symptoms headache, nausea, dizziness, and pain are all examples of _____. - correct answers symptoms a ___________ systems review is a head to toe examination or a general assessment of the patient's condition. - correct answers cephalocaudal HEENT stands for: - correct answers head, eyes, ears, nose, throat a ______ is a general survey of health that measures the state of health, level of consciousness, and signs of distress. - correct answers physical exam a physical exam is a general survey of health that measures the _________, ________, and _______. - correct answers state of health, level of consciousness, signs of distress Cephalocaudal systems review goes in the order of: Hey, remember carey gets parker, not his eggs - correct answers HEENT, respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, peripheral vascular, neurological, hematological, endocrine Exams always begin with taking ____. - correct answers vitals height and weight, BP, HR and rhythm, respiratory rate and rhythm, and temp are all examples of ____. - correct answers vital signs blood pressure is measured with a ________. the stethoscope is placed on the ________ and the cuff is inflated to ______ mmHg. The ________ is when the sound disappears. - correct answers sphygmomanometer, brachial artery, 200, fifth korotkoff sound The ______ BP is the arterial pressure during ventricular contraction. The ______ BP is the arterial pressure during ventricular relaxation. - correct answers systolic, diastolic Normal BP is ____/____ mmHg. Normal resting HR is ___-___ beats per minute. Normal respiratory rate is ___-____ breaths per minute. - correct answers 120, 80, 60, 72, 12, 20 Pulse is most often assessed at the _____, _____, ____, and ______ arteries. - correct answers carotid, radial, femoral, dorsalis pedis irregular rhythm is called _______. - correct answers arrhythmia ______ or ____ refers to the intensity of the pulse. - correct answers volume, force a grade ___ pulse is described as strong, bounding, or hyperactive. - correct answers four a grade ___ pulse is described as increased. - correct answers three a grade ___ pulse is described as normal. - correct answers two a grade ___ pulse is described as weak, thready, difficult to palpate. - correct answers one a grade ___ pulse is described as absent. - correct answers zero ____ refers to the number of respirations in one minute. - correct answers rate ____ refers to no breathing, _____ refers to slow breathing, ____ refers to fast breathing, and ____ refers to difficulty breathing or labored breathing. - correct answers apnea, bradypnea, tachypnea, dyspnea Normal oral temperature in adults is ____ F. A fever is a temperature greater than ______ F. _____ temp is the only reliable measure of core body temp. - correct answers 98.6, 100.4, rectal ________ is the use of hands and fingers to gain information about a patient's condition through sense of touch. - correct answers palpation feeling for texture, quality, temperature, masses, rigidity, fluid, and crepitus are what you look for during _______. - correct answers palpation ________ refers to assessing sounds transmitted through the organs and cavities of the body. You look for ____ and _____ sounds. - correct answers percussion, dull, hollow _______ is the skilled listening by trained ear for sounds produced by the body. You look for pitch, loudness, quality, and duration. - correct answers auscultation _______ is the cause of injury or disease. - correct answers etiology ______ is the structural and functional changes associated with injury process. - correct answers pathology _______ is the perceptible change in body or function that indicate injury or illness (subjective) - correct answers symptom ______ is the objective, definitive and obvious indicator for a specific condition. - correct answers sign _______ denotes the name of specific condition. ________ is the systematic method of diagnosing a disorder. - correct answers diagnosis, differential diagnosis diagnosis is ____, symptoms are ____, treatment is _____, and prescription is ____. - correct answers Dx, Sx, Tx, Rx _________ (____) is part of the department of justice. Ensures compliance with the Controlled Substances Act of 1970 and registers health care practitioners who will be prescribing/dispensing drugs that are considered controlled substances. - correct answers drug enforcement administration, DEA _________ are drugs that have a high potential for abuse. Also known as "scheduled drugs." - correct answers controlled substances Schedule ____ drugs have no currently accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse. Examples are heroin, hallucinogens, and marijuana. - correct answers one Schedule ____ drugs have a high potential for abuse, with use potentially leading to severe psychological or physical dependence. Examples are morphine, cocaine, oxycodone, and methamphetamines. - correct answers two Schedule ____ drugs have a moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence. Examples are tylenol with codeine, ketamine, and anabolic steroids. - correct answers three Schedule ____ drugs have a low potential for abuse and low risk of dependence. Examples are xanax, soma, darvon, darvocet, valium, ativan, talwin, ambien, and tramadol. - correct answers four Schedule ____ drugs have lower potential for abuse than schedule 4 drugs and consist of preparations containing limited quantities of certain narcotics. Examples are cough syrups, lomotil, motofen, lyrica, and parepectolin. - correct answers five _______ (____) belongs to the agency of the department of health and human services. Approves and oversees drug manufacturers, new chemical formulas as Rx, OTC, and generic. - correct answers food and drug administration, FDA Generic drugs must have the same _______ as the brand-name drug. - correct answers bioequivalence _________ is the same drug strength and delivers equivalent amount of drug to target issue in the same dosage from as the brand-name drug. - correct answers bioequivalence _______ regulate the administration and the dispensing of drugs. - correct answers states _____ is applying a medication by injection, inhalation, ingestion, or any other means to the body of a patient in a single dose. - correct answers administration ________ is delivering a medication to a user pursuant to a medical order issued by a practitioner authorized to prescribe. Includes packaging and labeling meds for multiple doses. DEA certification is needed for facilities that dispense ____ drugs. - correct answers dispensing, Rx T/F: written Rx is not needed for both administration and dispensing of Rx drugs - correct answers false, needed _________ is the study of the movement of a drug through the body or how the body acts upon the drug. - correct answers pharmacokinetics _________ is the study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs or what the drug does to the body. - correct answers pharmacodynamics absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of a drug in the body are all factors of _________. - correct answers pharmacokinetics _________ is the process of getting drugs into the body. - correct answers absorption T/F: there are various routes of absorption and some drugs have more than one route of absorption. - correct answers true Absorption has a major influence on the ________ of a drug, or how much of the drug is available to the tissues after _________. - correct answers bioavailability, administration ________ is the process of moving the drug throughout the body tissues and fluids. It is affected by pH, hydrophilicity, lipophylicity, blood flow, and the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier into the CNS. - correct answers distribution _________ is the process by which the drug is changed into one or more chemical entities that differ from the parent drug. Drugs are primarily metabolized in the ________ and _____ via various enzymes. - correct answers metabolism, intestines, liver ___________ is the concentration of a drug reduced before it reaches the blood and is circulated. - correct answers first pass effect T/F: the first pass effect can be avoided by choosing alternative routes of administration - correct answers true First Pass Effect pathway: drug _________ (absorbed here) ______ (via hepatic portal vein, metabolized here, primary site of first pass metabolism) portion of drug gets into _________, hence reduced bioavailability - correct answers GI tract, liver blood stream _______ is the process of getting the drug out of your body. Can be ____ or _____ of a combination of the two. - correct answers elimination, renal, fecal ______ is the measure of the body's ability to eliminate a drug, volume of blood that is cleared of a drug (mL/min) - correct answers clearance _______ is the length of time it takes for blood levels or tissue levels of a drug to decrease by one-half - correct answers half-life _____ means administration other than by mouth - correct answers parenteral _____ is the most common route of drug administration - correct answers oral ______ administration is a convenient, noninvasive way to deliver drugs that are distributed systemically. - correct answers oral ______ is dissolving a tablet/capsule in the GI tract for absorption, because we want to make it to the GI tract intact before being dissolved and absorbed - correct answers dissolution ___________ ensures a tablet doesn't dissolve in the low pH of gastric acid in the stomach. This reduces stomach irritation, delayed/controlled release. - correct answers enteric coating _____ contains alcohol to aid in dissolution. _____ contain a lot of sugar so it tastes good. ______ is undissolved drug is "suspended throughout liquid. - correct answers elixir, syrup, suspension ______ administration is most often used for local effect on the bronchial passages. ________ and _______ are the drugs most often inhaled. - correct answers inhaled, bronchodilators, corticosteroids _______ administration is most often used to treat eye infections, allergies, glaucoma, and other eye disorders. Apply drops laterally. - correct answers opthalmic ______ administration is used primarily to treat, decrease pain from, and prevent recurrence of otitis. - correct answers otic ______ is the application of a drug to the outer areas of the body for a local effect. - correct answers topical ________ is the application of a drug to the skin, usually in the form of a patch, produces a systemic effect. - correct answers transdermal _______ is the injection of a drug directly into a vein. Used when immediate onset of drug action is required. - correct answers intravenous ______ used when a rapid, reliable onset of drug action is required but IV access is impractical. Used to administer nearly all vaccinations. - correct answers intramuscular _________ is the injection of a drug into the subcutaneous fat. Used for rapid, reliable onset of action, preferred for medications that are self-injected. - correct answers subcutaneous injections _____________ is used to place a drug, usually an anti-inflammatory corticosteroid suspension, into the synovial cavity of a joint. Acts locally to decrease inflammation. - correct answers intrasynovial injection ________ refers to injection of a drug into the joint. Acts locally to decrease inflammation. - correct answers intraarticular injection Drugs introduced into the body through the use of electricity (_______) or ultrasound (_______). - correct answers iontophoresis, phonophoresis ________ refers to what the drug does to the body. It is the interaction of the drugs with cellular proteins to control changes in the physiological function of particular organs. - correct answers pharmacodynamics mechanisms of action, indications and contraindications, warnings and precautions, interactions, allergies, and side effects are all terms associated with ________. - correct answers pharmacodynamics _______ are drugs that attach to cellular receptors in the body, causing stimulation of the receptors. - correct answers agonists ________ are drugs that bind to receptors, blocking other chemicals or agonists from binding to it. - correct answers antagonists _______ are the conditions for which the drug shoes a therapeutic effect, why you are taking the drug. - correct answers indications ________ are the situations in which a drug must be avoided. "Do not take if..." - correct answers contraindications _____ and _____ are statements that alert health care professionals to the serious adverse events associated with the use of a drug. ________ are strong precautions that the FDA mandates be printed inside a black box at the very top of a product's package insert. - correct answers warnings, precautions, black box warnings ___________ are the interaction of one drug with another drug or with a food or other disease state that affects pharmacokinetics and hence, effectiveness. - correct answers drug interactions __________ refers to when a medicine produces a response different from what is expected. Most common: hives, itching, anaphylactic responses. - correct answers drug allergies ________ or _________ is a drug's nontherapeutic actions. - correct answers side effects, adverse reactions a _____ is a specific amount of medication at one time. ______ is the specific amount, number, and frequency of doses taken over a period of time. - correct answers dose, dosage abbreviation for every: - correct answers q abbreviation for day: - correct answers d abbreviation for every day: - correct answers qd abbreviation for twice daily: - correct answers bid abbreviation for three times daily: - correct answers tid abbreviation for four times daily: - correct answers qid abbreviation for as needed: - correct answers prn abbreviation for before meals: - correct answers ac abbreviation for after meals: - correct answers pc abbreviation for by mouth: - correct answers po ________ is one of the most common issues in sports medicine. ________ are the most common drug used in sports medicine and limit the extent of inflammatory process or cascade. Can be steroidal or non-steroidal. - correct answers inflammation, anti-inflammatory agents _______ is produced in the adrenal cortex or synthetically. _________ reduce inflammation and cause immune system suppression. _______ influence various enzyme systems in a complex cascade of effects. - correct answers steroid hormone, glucocorticosteroids, corticosteroids ______ are primarily seen injected into joints and can be used for bronchodilation. Can be used for allergic rhinitis, allergies, and asthma. - correct answers corticosteroids T/F: caution should be taken with diabetic athletes since steroids affect glucose tolerance - correct answers true _________ (_____) decrease pain, inflammation, and fever (anti-pyretic). Examples are salicylic acid (aspirin), propionic acid (ibuprofen, naproxen), and COX-2 inhibitors (celebrex) - correct answers nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, NSAIDS _______ inhibits platelet aggregation and decreases hepatic synthesis of coagulation factors. - correct answers aspirin T/F: you can take ibuprofen and acetaminophen if pain is not adequately controlled with the NSAID