CCI ADULT ECHO CTL UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE RESOURCE
●● Patients with lupus will sometimes get what type of endocarditis?
Answer: Libman-Sachs endocarditis
●● Prosthetic cardiac valves are classified as:
Answer: mechanical and bioprosthetic
●● How do you assess the right atrial pressure based on the size and
collapsibility of the inferior vena cava (IVC)?
Answer: 3mmHg= normal IVC (<2cm) & (>50%) collapses
8mmHg= intermediate
15mmHg= dilated (>2cm) & no collapse (<50%)
●● What is the name of the valve of the coronary sinus?
Answer: Thebesian Valve
●● In which chamber would you see a chiari network?
Answer: Right atrium as fine strands of tissue similar to chordea of the
mitral and tricuspid valves
,●● When is the LV volume the largest?
Answer: end diastole
●● When is the LA volume the largest?
Answer: end systole
●● What is the dimensionless index for evaluating aortic stenosis?
Answer: The dimensionless index is a ratio of the LVOT velocity and
the peak velocity across the aortic valve.
●● What is the cutoff value for severe AS when using the dimensionless
index?
Answer: The cutoff value for severe AS when using the dimensionless
index is <0.25
●● When a patient has aortic regurgitation what is the equation for
calculating Left Ventricular End Diastolic Pressure (LVEDP)?
Answer: LVEDP= Diastolic BP - the end diastolic AR gradient
●● How many scallops is the mitral valve divided into and what are
their names?
Answer: The mitral valve is divided into 6 scallops (segments). Anterior
1,2,&3 and Posterior 1,2 & 3.
,●● When a patient has an aortic aneurysm at which point (size) do you
need a surgical consult?
Answer: When aortic aneurysms are larger than 5CM it't time for a
surgical consult.
●● What happens to the mitral inflow pattern in a normal patient when
you have them perform a Valsalva maneuver?
Answer: The normal mitral inflow patterns maintains the E/A ratio
(E>A) following a Valsalva maneuver but the velocities are lower.
●● When a patient has pulmonary regurgitation what is the equation for
calculating Pulmonary Artery End Diastolic Pressure (PAEDP)?
Answer: PAEDP = RAP+end diastolic PR gradient
(RA pressure is obtained by looking at the IVC size and collapsibility
like you do for TR and pulmonary pressures).
●● In the parasternal short-axis view, at the level of the mitral valve and
papillary muscle, how many segments is the left ventricle divided into?
Answer: The left ventricle is divided into 6 segments
●● Name the ventricular segments seen in the parasternal short-axis
view.
Answer: 1-Inferolateral
, 2-Anterolateral
3-Anterior
4-Anteroseptal
5-Inferoseptal
6-Inferior
●● In the apical four-chamber view, which two walls of the left ventricle
are seen?
Answer: Inferoseptal and anterolateral walls of the LV are seen
●● In the apical two-chamber view, which two walls of the left ventricle
are seen?
Answer: anterior and inferior walls of the LV are seen
●● Which walls of the left ventricle are seen in the parasternal and
apical long-axis views?
Answer: Anteroseptal and inferolateral walls of the left ventricle are
seen in the parasternal and apical long axis views.
●● Which two aortic valve leaflets are seen in parasternal view?
Answer: The right and noncoronary leaflets. The right leaflet is on top
(superior) and the noncornary is on the bottom (inferior)
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE RESOURCE
●● Patients with lupus will sometimes get what type of endocarditis?
Answer: Libman-Sachs endocarditis
●● Prosthetic cardiac valves are classified as:
Answer: mechanical and bioprosthetic
●● How do you assess the right atrial pressure based on the size and
collapsibility of the inferior vena cava (IVC)?
Answer: 3mmHg= normal IVC (<2cm) & (>50%) collapses
8mmHg= intermediate
15mmHg= dilated (>2cm) & no collapse (<50%)
●● What is the name of the valve of the coronary sinus?
Answer: Thebesian Valve
●● In which chamber would you see a chiari network?
Answer: Right atrium as fine strands of tissue similar to chordea of the
mitral and tricuspid valves
,●● When is the LV volume the largest?
Answer: end diastole
●● When is the LA volume the largest?
Answer: end systole
●● What is the dimensionless index for evaluating aortic stenosis?
Answer: The dimensionless index is a ratio of the LVOT velocity and
the peak velocity across the aortic valve.
●● What is the cutoff value for severe AS when using the dimensionless
index?
Answer: The cutoff value for severe AS when using the dimensionless
index is <0.25
●● When a patient has aortic regurgitation what is the equation for
calculating Left Ventricular End Diastolic Pressure (LVEDP)?
Answer: LVEDP= Diastolic BP - the end diastolic AR gradient
●● How many scallops is the mitral valve divided into and what are
their names?
Answer: The mitral valve is divided into 6 scallops (segments). Anterior
1,2,&3 and Posterior 1,2 & 3.
,●● When a patient has an aortic aneurysm at which point (size) do you
need a surgical consult?
Answer: When aortic aneurysms are larger than 5CM it't time for a
surgical consult.
●● What happens to the mitral inflow pattern in a normal patient when
you have them perform a Valsalva maneuver?
Answer: The normal mitral inflow patterns maintains the E/A ratio
(E>A) following a Valsalva maneuver but the velocities are lower.
●● When a patient has pulmonary regurgitation what is the equation for
calculating Pulmonary Artery End Diastolic Pressure (PAEDP)?
Answer: PAEDP = RAP+end diastolic PR gradient
(RA pressure is obtained by looking at the IVC size and collapsibility
like you do for TR and pulmonary pressures).
●● In the parasternal short-axis view, at the level of the mitral valve and
papillary muscle, how many segments is the left ventricle divided into?
Answer: The left ventricle is divided into 6 segments
●● Name the ventricular segments seen in the parasternal short-axis
view.
Answer: 1-Inferolateral
, 2-Anterolateral
3-Anterior
4-Anteroseptal
5-Inferoseptal
6-Inferior
●● In the apical four-chamber view, which two walls of the left ventricle
are seen?
Answer: Inferoseptal and anterolateral walls of the LV are seen
●● In the apical two-chamber view, which two walls of the left ventricle
are seen?
Answer: anterior and inferior walls of the LV are seen
●● Which walls of the left ventricle are seen in the parasternal and
apical long-axis views?
Answer: Anteroseptal and inferolateral walls of the left ventricle are
seen in the parasternal and apical long axis views.
●● Which two aortic valve leaflets are seen in parasternal view?
Answer: The right and noncoronary leaflets. The right leaflet is on top
(superior) and the noncornary is on the bottom (inferior)
