BIO 151 COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE
TESTED QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS
●● Cohesion
Answer: Water molecules sticking to each other by hydrogen bonding
●● Hydrophobic
Answer: Nonpolar, water fearing (fats and oils)
●● Hydrophilic
Answer: polar, water loving
●● 4 organic compounds
Answer: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
●● Carbohydrates
Answer: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen(1:2:1)
-Sugars(glucose)
●● Why are carbohydrates important?(5)
,Answer: 1)They contain energy(bonds)
2)transport energy
3)store energy
4)can be structural
5)can be regulators and work as signals
●● Important Disaccharides
Answer: sucrose, maltose, lactose
●● important polysaccharides
Answer: Starch-Regular branching pattern(Energy storage for Plants)
Glycogen-Irregular branching pattern glucose based(Energy storage for
animals)
●● cellulose vs starch
Answer: starch stores glucose for organisms, cellulose is a building
molecule for plants to construct cell walls
●● Lipids
Answer: Fats and Oils
Insoluble in water
CH and small amounts of O
Hydrophobic
,●● 2 types of lipids
Answer: Fats and oils-- 1)Super high density energy storage and 2)
Interaction with water defines boundaries
Sterols and Cholesterol--1)Alter membranes
2)Act as signals
●● Fatty acids
Answer: Long carbon/hydrogen chains
●● dehydration synthesis
Answer: A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to
each other with the removal of a water molecule.
●● Hydrolysis
Answer: A chemical process that splits a molecule by adding water.
●● Membrane Forming Lipids
Answer: Phospholipids- 2 fatty acid chains connected 3 glycerol but last
C is connected to Phosphorus
●● Glycerol
, Answer: A three-carbon alcohol to which fatty acids are covalently
bonded to make fats and oils.
●● Phospholipids
Answer: A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of
biological membranes, having a polar, hydrophilic head(b/c of O and N)
and a nonpolar, hydrophobic tail(b/c of H and C).
●● micelle
Answer: lipid molecules that arrange themselves in a spherical form in
aqueous solutions with hydrophobic tails face inwards and hydrophilic
heads face towards the water
●● phospholipid bilayer
Answer: A double layer of phospholipids that makes up plasma and
organelle membranes. Stuff on inside= order, energy. Outside of it is the
outside world.
Water can get through
●● sterols (cholesterol) role
Answer: Crucial role in membranes:
1)stiffen
2)maintains fluidity
3)localized "special regions"
TESTED QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS
●● Cohesion
Answer: Water molecules sticking to each other by hydrogen bonding
●● Hydrophobic
Answer: Nonpolar, water fearing (fats and oils)
●● Hydrophilic
Answer: polar, water loving
●● 4 organic compounds
Answer: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
●● Carbohydrates
Answer: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen(1:2:1)
-Sugars(glucose)
●● Why are carbohydrates important?(5)
,Answer: 1)They contain energy(bonds)
2)transport energy
3)store energy
4)can be structural
5)can be regulators and work as signals
●● Important Disaccharides
Answer: sucrose, maltose, lactose
●● important polysaccharides
Answer: Starch-Regular branching pattern(Energy storage for Plants)
Glycogen-Irregular branching pattern glucose based(Energy storage for
animals)
●● cellulose vs starch
Answer: starch stores glucose for organisms, cellulose is a building
molecule for plants to construct cell walls
●● Lipids
Answer: Fats and Oils
Insoluble in water
CH and small amounts of O
Hydrophobic
,●● 2 types of lipids
Answer: Fats and oils-- 1)Super high density energy storage and 2)
Interaction with water defines boundaries
Sterols and Cholesterol--1)Alter membranes
2)Act as signals
●● Fatty acids
Answer: Long carbon/hydrogen chains
●● dehydration synthesis
Answer: A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to
each other with the removal of a water molecule.
●● Hydrolysis
Answer: A chemical process that splits a molecule by adding water.
●● Membrane Forming Lipids
Answer: Phospholipids- 2 fatty acid chains connected 3 glycerol but last
C is connected to Phosphorus
●● Glycerol
, Answer: A three-carbon alcohol to which fatty acids are covalently
bonded to make fats and oils.
●● Phospholipids
Answer: A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of
biological membranes, having a polar, hydrophilic head(b/c of O and N)
and a nonpolar, hydrophobic tail(b/c of H and C).
●● micelle
Answer: lipid molecules that arrange themselves in a spherical form in
aqueous solutions with hydrophobic tails face inwards and hydrophilic
heads face towards the water
●● phospholipid bilayer
Answer: A double layer of phospholipids that makes up plasma and
organelle membranes. Stuff on inside= order, energy. Outside of it is the
outside world.
Water can get through
●● sterols (cholesterol) role
Answer: Crucial role in membranes:
1)stiffen
2)maintains fluidity
3)localized "special regions"
