Botany Test 2 Exam Questions and Answers
with Verified Solutions | Latest Updated 2026
What is a cell? The basic structural and functional unit of
life.
What is cell theory All organisms are made of cells; cells are
the
structural basis of life; all cells arise from
pre-
existing cells.
What is Cytoplasmic streaming Movement of cytoplasm within a cell that
helps
distribute materials.
What is Cytosol The fluid portion of the cytoplasm.
What is the Nucleus Double-membrane organelle containing
chromatin
(DNA + proteins) and a nucleolus; controls
cell
activities.
What is the Ribosomes RNA-protein structures that synthesize
proteins;
not membrane-bound.
, What is the Plasmodesmata Channels through plant cell walls allowing
communication between adjacent cells.
What is the Cell wall Rigid outer layer made primarily of
cellulose that
protects the cell and maintains shape.
What is the Cytoskeleton Network of microtubules and
microfilaments that
maintains cell shape and movement.
What is the Vacuole Large membrane-bound storage sac
(bounded by
the tonoplast) that maintains turgor
pressure and
stores pigments, ions, and crystals.
What is the Endoplasmic reticulum Membrane system involved in protein
(ER) (rough ER)
and lipid (smooth ER) synthesis.
What are Chloroplasts Double-membrane plastids where
photosynthesis
occurs; contain chlorophyll, thylakoids, and
circular
DNA. Found in leaf mesophyll cells.
What are Chromoplasts Plastids that synthesize and store
carotenoid
pigments (yellow, orange, red). Found in
fruits and
flowers.
with Verified Solutions | Latest Updated 2026
What is a cell? The basic structural and functional unit of
life.
What is cell theory All organisms are made of cells; cells are
the
structural basis of life; all cells arise from
pre-
existing cells.
What is Cytoplasmic streaming Movement of cytoplasm within a cell that
helps
distribute materials.
What is Cytosol The fluid portion of the cytoplasm.
What is the Nucleus Double-membrane organelle containing
chromatin
(DNA + proteins) and a nucleolus; controls
cell
activities.
What is the Ribosomes RNA-protein structures that synthesize
proteins;
not membrane-bound.
, What is the Plasmodesmata Channels through plant cell walls allowing
communication between adjacent cells.
What is the Cell wall Rigid outer layer made primarily of
cellulose that
protects the cell and maintains shape.
What is the Cytoskeleton Network of microtubules and
microfilaments that
maintains cell shape and movement.
What is the Vacuole Large membrane-bound storage sac
(bounded by
the tonoplast) that maintains turgor
pressure and
stores pigments, ions, and crystals.
What is the Endoplasmic reticulum Membrane system involved in protein
(ER) (rough ER)
and lipid (smooth ER) synthesis.
What are Chloroplasts Double-membrane plastids where
photosynthesis
occurs; contain chlorophyll, thylakoids, and
circular
DNA. Found in leaf mesophyll cells.
What are Chromoplasts Plastids that synthesize and store
carotenoid
pigments (yellow, orange, red). Found in
fruits and
flowers.
