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OG 2 rechtsfilosfie

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Dit document bevat uitwerkingen voor de tweede bijeenkomst van Rechtsfilosofie aan de Universiteit Hasselt, gericht op de theorie van het Rechtspositivisme. De stof behandelt twee centrale stellingen: de worteling van recht in gewoonterecht (met casus Dobbs v. Jackson over abortusrecht) en het onderscheid tussen recht en moraal (aan de hand van de Tien Geboden en het Belgische Strafwetboek). Het document bevat gedetailleerde argumentatie vanuit verschillende filosofische perspectieven en helpt je beide stellingen kritisch te analyseren voor college- en examvoorbereiding.

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BIJEENKOMST 2: Theorie van het Rechtspositivisme als probleem

Voorbereiding: Lees Westerman, Recht als raadsel, Hoofdstuk II en III.

Stelling 1: Het recht wortelt primair in het gewoonterecht.

Casus: Recht op abortus in Amerika

Korte samenvatting van feiten en beslissing in Dobbs v. Jackson1:
“Mississippi’s Gestational Age Act provides that ‘[e]xcept in a medical emergency
or in the case of a severe fetal abnormality, a person shall not intentionally or
knowingly perform (…) or induce an abortion of an unborn human being if the
probable gestational age of the unborn human being has been determined to be
greater than fifteen (15) weeks.’ Miss. Code Ann. §41–41–191. Respondents –
Jackson Women’s Health Organization, an abortion clinic, and one of its doctors –
challenged the Act in Federal District Court, alleging that it violated this Court’s
precedents establishing a constitutional right to abortion, in particular Roe v. Wade,
410 U. S. 113, and Planned Parenthood v. Casey, 505 U. S. 833. The District Court
granted summary judgment in favor of respondents and permanently enjoined
enforcement of the Act, reasoning that Mississippi’s 15-week restriction on abortion
violates this Court’s cases forbidding States to ban abortion pre-viability. The Fifth
Circuit affirmed. Before this Court, petitioners defend the Act on the grounds that
Roe and Casey were wrongly decided and that the Act is constitutional because it
satisfies rational-basis review.

Held: The Constitution does not confer a right to abortion; Roe and Casey are
overruled; and the authority to regulate abortion is returned to the people and their
elected representatives.”

Opdracht: Beargumenteer waarom het recht op abortus al dan niet geworteld is in het
gewoonterecht van Amerika

-Waarom behoort het recht op abortus wel tot het gewoonterecht van Amerika:
- Recht is een geheel van gedragsregels waarnaar mensen gewoonlijk handelen
abortus is al lang bekend en wordt al lang uitgevoerd (Ehrlich)
- Het geheel van recht omvat niet alleen de officiële/statelijke regels van de soeverein,
maar ook allerlei morele/sociale regels tussen mensen abortus wordt door veel
mensen wel geaccepteerd en er zou dus ook naar gehandeld kunnen worden (Ehrlich)




-Waarom behoort het recht op abortus niet tot het gewoonterecht van Amerika:

1 Bron: Syllabus, Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization, 597 U.S. – (2022).

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