CHEM 1120 Exam 4 Review – Complete Chemistry Study Guide & Practice Test
(2026)
Macronutrients - ANS ✔✔are required in relatively large amounts (grams) daily because they
provide energy and materials to repair or build tissue.
macronutrients - ANS ✔✔carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are all ____________
micronutrients - ANS ✔✔_________ are required in only small amounts daily (mg or
micrograms). Includes vitamins and minerals.
complex - ANS ✔✔dietary carbohydrates can be classified as simple or ____________.
sugars - ANS ✔✔simple carbohydrates are commonly called _________ and include the
monosaccharides and disaccharides.
starch - ANS ✔✔_____ is a collective term for the polysaccharides amylose and amylopectin.
(both are complex carbohydrates)
cellulose - ANS ✔✔______ a complex carb that cannot be digested by humans and is commonly
known as fiber.
Unsaturated - ANS ✔✔________ fatty acids come from vegetable oils.
Proteins - ANS ✔✔Which macronutrient has an established reference daily intake (RDI)?
Essential - ANS ✔✔_________ amino acids must be obtained from the diet because they
cannot be synthesized in the body in sufficient amounts to satisfy the body's requirements.
,complete - ANS ✔✔Proteins in foods are classified as _______ proteins if they contain all
essential amino acids in the proper proportions needed by the body.
vitamins - ANS ✔✔________ are organic micronutrients that the body cannot produce in
amounts needed for good health.
water soluble - ANS ✔✔The highly polar nature of some vitamins renders them ______
_______. 9 of these have been identified.
coenzymes - ANS ✔✔With the exception of Vitamin C, all water soluble vitamins have been
shown to function as _________.
nonpolar - ANS ✔✔Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat soluble due to the fact that they are very
________ in nature.
minerals - ANS ✔✔inorganic ions or compounds that are essential micronutrients are called
_____________.
Major - ANS ✔✔A ______ mineral is found in the body in quantities greater than 5 grams
Trace - ANS ✔✔A _______ mineral is found in the body in quantities less than 5 grams.
Calcium - ANS ✔✔What is the most abundant mineral in the body?
glucose and oxygen - ANS ✔✔What are the products of photosynthesis?
, sun and atmosphere - ANS ✔✔The energy used to make the starch in a corn kernel comes from
the _______ and the carbon in the starch comes from the __________.
Cellular respiration - ANS ✔✔Through ____ _____, animals derive energy by combining energy
rich compounds, such as glucose, with oxygen from the air to produce carbon dioxide, water,
and energy.
Carbon cycle - ANS ✔✔The ____ _____ refers to the relationship between the opposing
processes photosynthesis and respiration, through which carbon compounds are repeatedly
recycled.
Metabolism - ANS ✔✔___ is the sum of all the chemical reactions involved in maintaining a
living cell
Catabolism - ANS ✔✔________ consists of all reactions that lead to the breakdown of
biomolecules
Anabolism - ANS ✔✔_________ includes all reactions that lead to the synthesis of
biomolecules.
metabolic - ANS ✔✔Sequences of reactions are grouped into _________ pathways based on
the production of a single biomolecule or accomplishment of one process
Digestion - ANS ✔✔Stage I of catabolism of food is ____________.
Hydrolysis - ANS ✔✔The most common reaction in digestion is __________, in which proteins
are converted to amino acids, carbs are converted to monosachharides (glucose, galactose, and
fructose), and fats are converted to fatty acids and glycerol.
(2026)
Macronutrients - ANS ✔✔are required in relatively large amounts (grams) daily because they
provide energy and materials to repair or build tissue.
macronutrients - ANS ✔✔carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are all ____________
micronutrients - ANS ✔✔_________ are required in only small amounts daily (mg or
micrograms). Includes vitamins and minerals.
complex - ANS ✔✔dietary carbohydrates can be classified as simple or ____________.
sugars - ANS ✔✔simple carbohydrates are commonly called _________ and include the
monosaccharides and disaccharides.
starch - ANS ✔✔_____ is a collective term for the polysaccharides amylose and amylopectin.
(both are complex carbohydrates)
cellulose - ANS ✔✔______ a complex carb that cannot be digested by humans and is commonly
known as fiber.
Unsaturated - ANS ✔✔________ fatty acids come from vegetable oils.
Proteins - ANS ✔✔Which macronutrient has an established reference daily intake (RDI)?
Essential - ANS ✔✔_________ amino acids must be obtained from the diet because they
cannot be synthesized in the body in sufficient amounts to satisfy the body's requirements.
,complete - ANS ✔✔Proteins in foods are classified as _______ proteins if they contain all
essential amino acids in the proper proportions needed by the body.
vitamins - ANS ✔✔________ are organic micronutrients that the body cannot produce in
amounts needed for good health.
water soluble - ANS ✔✔The highly polar nature of some vitamins renders them ______
_______. 9 of these have been identified.
coenzymes - ANS ✔✔With the exception of Vitamin C, all water soluble vitamins have been
shown to function as _________.
nonpolar - ANS ✔✔Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat soluble due to the fact that they are very
________ in nature.
minerals - ANS ✔✔inorganic ions or compounds that are essential micronutrients are called
_____________.
Major - ANS ✔✔A ______ mineral is found in the body in quantities greater than 5 grams
Trace - ANS ✔✔A _______ mineral is found in the body in quantities less than 5 grams.
Calcium - ANS ✔✔What is the most abundant mineral in the body?
glucose and oxygen - ANS ✔✔What are the products of photosynthesis?
, sun and atmosphere - ANS ✔✔The energy used to make the starch in a corn kernel comes from
the _______ and the carbon in the starch comes from the __________.
Cellular respiration - ANS ✔✔Through ____ _____, animals derive energy by combining energy
rich compounds, such as glucose, with oxygen from the air to produce carbon dioxide, water,
and energy.
Carbon cycle - ANS ✔✔The ____ _____ refers to the relationship between the opposing
processes photosynthesis and respiration, through which carbon compounds are repeatedly
recycled.
Metabolism - ANS ✔✔___ is the sum of all the chemical reactions involved in maintaining a
living cell
Catabolism - ANS ✔✔________ consists of all reactions that lead to the breakdown of
biomolecules
Anabolism - ANS ✔✔_________ includes all reactions that lead to the synthesis of
biomolecules.
metabolic - ANS ✔✔Sequences of reactions are grouped into _________ pathways based on
the production of a single biomolecule or accomplishment of one process
Digestion - ANS ✔✔Stage I of catabolism of food is ____________.
Hydrolysis - ANS ✔✔The most common reaction in digestion is __________, in which proteins
are converted to amino acids, carbs are converted to monosachharides (glucose, galactose, and
fructose), and fats are converted to fatty acids and glycerol.
