GAS EXCHANGE PERFUSION TEST NSG 170 || ALL
ACCURATELY ANSWERED.
eupnea correct answers normal respiratory rate
newborn breathing rate correct answers 30-80 breaths per minute
infants breathing rate correct answers 30-60 breaths per minute
toddlers breathing rate correct answers 20-40 breaths per minute
preschoolers breathing rate correct answers 22-34 breaths per minute
school age children breathing rate correct answers 15-25 breaths per minute
adolescents/adults breathing rate correct answers 12-20 breaths per minute
older adults breathing rate correct answers 15-20 breaths per minute
half correct answers inspiration is ______ the rate of expiration
visceral pleura correct answers covers surface of each lung
parietal pleura correct answers lines inside of chest wall
pleural space correct answers region between the parietal and visceral pleura
,bronchial sounds correct answers loud, high pitched, heard over trachea
-longer on exhalation than inhalation
bronchovesicular sounds correct answers medium in loudness and pitch, heard on each side of
the stream and between the scapulae
-each in duration over inhalation and exhalation
vesicular sounds correct answers soft, low pitched heard over peripheral lunch fields
-longer in inhalation than exhalation
-most prominently heard over lung bases
V-Q ratio correct answers represents the movement of O2 across the alveolar-capillary
membrane into capillary
level of CO2 correct answers drive to breathe depends on this, when this rises, receptor sites in
the medulla and pons stimulate an increase in rate and/or depth of ventilation
aortic arch and carotid arteries correct answers receptors sites in these locations monitor O2
levels, and induce inspiration when levels fall below normal
concentration of H+ in arterial blood (pH) correct answers respiration drive stimulated by this
CO2 and H+ correct answers -increased H+ -> increased CO2 and pH decreased)
-decreased H+ -> decreased CO2 and pH increased
kussmal breathing correct answers Deep, rapid exhalations increased elimination of CO2
affecting acid-base balance, occurs in metabolic acidosis (fruity acetone breath)
,cheyne-stokes respirations correct answers deep, rapid breathing and slow, shallow breathing
with periods of apnea , occurs in congestive heart failure, increased intracranial pressure (ICP),
and drug overdoses
biot respirations correct answers shallow, irregular breathing with periods of apnea, occur in
CNS disorders
pneumothorax correct answers air enters into the pleural space causing loss of negative pressure
necessary to produce lung expansion for inhalation, air may enter thru opening in chest wall or
opening in lung, causing lung collapse
signs and symptoms of pneumothorax correct answers -sudden sharp pleuritic pain, worsened by
breathing and coughing
-decreased or absent breathing sounds over the affected side
-asymmetrical chest wall movement
-SOB
-cyanosis
tension pneumothorax correct answers results from trauma / injury (life threatening emergency)
spontaneous pneumothorax correct answers occurs from unknown cause
possible causes of pneumothorax correct answers -ruptured BLEB (COPD)
-needle stab from thoracentesis
-trauma
-secondary infection
(diagnosed by X-rays and ABG's)
treatment for pneumothorax correct answers chest tube o2
, possible causes of dyspnea (6 P's) correct answers -Pulmonary bronchial constriction
-Possible foreign body
-Pulmonary embolus
-Pneumothorax
-Pneumonia
-Pump (heart) failure
population at a high risk for respiratory disorders correct answers -children <1 year of age
-older adults
risk factors for respiratory/oxygenation disorders correct answers -significant inherited pattern of
variation in hemoglobin concentration (hematocrit has a lower genetic effect)
-women: lower concentrations of hemoglobin and hematocrit (mensuration and pregnancy)
modifiable risk factors for decreased oxygenation correct answers -heart: hypertension and
atherosclerosis
-obesity
-T2D
-smoking
-stress/anxiety
nicotine replacement therapy correct answers -patches, lozenges, gum, oral inhalers, nasal spray
-combined w behavioral counseling increases the likelihood of abstinence from smoking
-increased mucus production
-reduced cilia action in airway passages correct answers tobacco smoke exposure can cause
this...
ACCURATELY ANSWERED.
eupnea correct answers normal respiratory rate
newborn breathing rate correct answers 30-80 breaths per minute
infants breathing rate correct answers 30-60 breaths per minute
toddlers breathing rate correct answers 20-40 breaths per minute
preschoolers breathing rate correct answers 22-34 breaths per minute
school age children breathing rate correct answers 15-25 breaths per minute
adolescents/adults breathing rate correct answers 12-20 breaths per minute
older adults breathing rate correct answers 15-20 breaths per minute
half correct answers inspiration is ______ the rate of expiration
visceral pleura correct answers covers surface of each lung
parietal pleura correct answers lines inside of chest wall
pleural space correct answers region between the parietal and visceral pleura
,bronchial sounds correct answers loud, high pitched, heard over trachea
-longer on exhalation than inhalation
bronchovesicular sounds correct answers medium in loudness and pitch, heard on each side of
the stream and between the scapulae
-each in duration over inhalation and exhalation
vesicular sounds correct answers soft, low pitched heard over peripheral lunch fields
-longer in inhalation than exhalation
-most prominently heard over lung bases
V-Q ratio correct answers represents the movement of O2 across the alveolar-capillary
membrane into capillary
level of CO2 correct answers drive to breathe depends on this, when this rises, receptor sites in
the medulla and pons stimulate an increase in rate and/or depth of ventilation
aortic arch and carotid arteries correct answers receptors sites in these locations monitor O2
levels, and induce inspiration when levels fall below normal
concentration of H+ in arterial blood (pH) correct answers respiration drive stimulated by this
CO2 and H+ correct answers -increased H+ -> increased CO2 and pH decreased)
-decreased H+ -> decreased CO2 and pH increased
kussmal breathing correct answers Deep, rapid exhalations increased elimination of CO2
affecting acid-base balance, occurs in metabolic acidosis (fruity acetone breath)
,cheyne-stokes respirations correct answers deep, rapid breathing and slow, shallow breathing
with periods of apnea , occurs in congestive heart failure, increased intracranial pressure (ICP),
and drug overdoses
biot respirations correct answers shallow, irregular breathing with periods of apnea, occur in
CNS disorders
pneumothorax correct answers air enters into the pleural space causing loss of negative pressure
necessary to produce lung expansion for inhalation, air may enter thru opening in chest wall or
opening in lung, causing lung collapse
signs and symptoms of pneumothorax correct answers -sudden sharp pleuritic pain, worsened by
breathing and coughing
-decreased or absent breathing sounds over the affected side
-asymmetrical chest wall movement
-SOB
-cyanosis
tension pneumothorax correct answers results from trauma / injury (life threatening emergency)
spontaneous pneumothorax correct answers occurs from unknown cause
possible causes of pneumothorax correct answers -ruptured BLEB (COPD)
-needle stab from thoracentesis
-trauma
-secondary infection
(diagnosed by X-rays and ABG's)
treatment for pneumothorax correct answers chest tube o2
, possible causes of dyspnea (6 P's) correct answers -Pulmonary bronchial constriction
-Possible foreign body
-Pulmonary embolus
-Pneumothorax
-Pneumonia
-Pump (heart) failure
population at a high risk for respiratory disorders correct answers -children <1 year of age
-older adults
risk factors for respiratory/oxygenation disorders correct answers -significant inherited pattern of
variation in hemoglobin concentration (hematocrit has a lower genetic effect)
-women: lower concentrations of hemoglobin and hematocrit (mensuration and pregnancy)
modifiable risk factors for decreased oxygenation correct answers -heart: hypertension and
atherosclerosis
-obesity
-T2D
-smoking
-stress/anxiety
nicotine replacement therapy correct answers -patches, lozenges, gum, oral inhalers, nasal spray
-combined w behavioral counseling increases the likelihood of abstinence from smoking
-increased mucus production
-reduced cilia action in airway passages correct answers tobacco smoke exposure can cause
this...
