Microbiology exam 1 4000.02 Test
Questions With 100% Accurate
Answers 2026 Updated.
What is an microorganism? - Answer an organism that is too small to see with the unaided
eye
What are the different types of microbes? - Answer Bacteria, Archaea, fungi, protozoa, algae
and viruses and multicellular animal parasites
What does Prokaryote mean? - Answer Pro- pre
karyote= nucleus
What type of cell is bacteria - Answer prokaryotes
Prokaryotic cell characteristics? - Answer single-celled, no nucleus
Bacterial characteristics - Answer single celled, no nucleus, contains peptidoglycan cell walls,
divide via binary fission, get nutrition from organic/inorganic chemicals/photosynthesis
What are archaea characteristics - Answer prokaryotes, lack peptidoglycan cell walls, live in
extreme environments
What are some types of archaea? - Answer Methanogens, Extreme halophiles, extreme
thermophiles
What is fungal characteristics? - Answer Eukaryotes with a distinct nucleus, cell wall of Chitin,
absorbs organic chemicals from energy from degrading organic material, can be unicellular
(yeast) or multicellular (Molds)
What is mycelia composed of? - Answer filaments called hyphae
What are the protozoa characteristics? - Answer Eukaryotic, absorb/ingest organic chemicals,
can be motile, cilia/flagella, can be freeliving or parasitic
What are algae's characteristics? - Answer Eukaryotic, single-celled/multicellular, has cell
walls make of cellulose, can be found in freshwater/saltwater and soil, use photosynthesis,
produce oxygen/carbs
,What are viruses characteristics? - Answer Acellular, mostly referred to as viruses, consist of
DNA/RNA, protein coat, lipid envelope, only replicate when inside living host cell and is inert
outside living host
What are the characteristics of animal parasites? - Answer Eukaryotic, multicellular animals,
not strictly microorganisms, parasitic flatworms/roundworms
What are parasitic flat worms and roundworms called? - Answer Helminths
What is the system that was developed by carl woese? - Answer Three domains system
What is the three domains system based off of? - Answer cellular organization of organisms
What physically shows that there are three domains? - Answer the nucleotide sequesnce in
rRNA, lipid structure, tRNA and sensitivity to antibiotics
what are the three domains? - Answer 1. Bacteria
2. Archaea
3. Eukarya
What makes up the Eukarya group? - Answer 1) protists
2) fungi
3) plants
4) animals
Who created the nomenclature for microorganisms? - Answer Carolus Linaeus in 1735
What are the two parts to the name in microorganisms? - Answer Genus, specific epithet
How are scientific names written? - Answer Italicized/underlined (should be separate for the
genus and species) the first letter should be capitalized and the specific epithet is lowercase
What is the name of Escherichia coli from? - Answer 1) Genus honors the discoverer,
Theordor Escherich
2) Species describes the bacterium's habitate (large intestine/colon)
, What does staphylococcus aureus come from? - Answer describes the clustered/spherical
cells (staphylo- coccus) and describes the color (gold-colored)
Who discovered cells? - Answer Robert Hooke
What did hooke's discover mark the beginning of? - Answer Cell theory
What is cell theory? - Answer all living things are composed of cells
When/by who were microbes first discovered? - Answer 1623-1673 by anton van
leeuwenhoek
What is spontaneous generation? - Answer the hypothesis that living organisms arise from
nonliving matter
What is biogenesis? - Answer THe hypothesis that living organisms arise from preexisting life
Who finally resolved the debate between biogenesis and spontaneous generation? - Answer
Louis Pasteur
How did Louis Pasteur demonstrate that biogenesis is correct? - Answer by showing that
microorganisms are present in the air
What are the experiments that Pasteur did to prove this? - Answer Sealed boiled broth vs
non-sealed boiled broth
Why was the S-shaped flasks so important in his experiments? - Answer It could deny the
arguement that bacteria need air to survive because they had all the air supply they need in the
flask
What did pasteur prove when it comes to microbes? - Answer That life could be destroyed by
heat which created the aseptic technique
When was the golden age of microbiology? - Answer 1857-1914
-Pasteur developed fermentation and pasteurization
-Germ theory of disease is fortified
-Pasteur established the existence of a relationship of microbes to disease
-Isolation techniques- Koch staining, agar plates (pure culture)
Questions With 100% Accurate
Answers 2026 Updated.
What is an microorganism? - Answer an organism that is too small to see with the unaided
eye
What are the different types of microbes? - Answer Bacteria, Archaea, fungi, protozoa, algae
and viruses and multicellular animal parasites
What does Prokaryote mean? - Answer Pro- pre
karyote= nucleus
What type of cell is bacteria - Answer prokaryotes
Prokaryotic cell characteristics? - Answer single-celled, no nucleus
Bacterial characteristics - Answer single celled, no nucleus, contains peptidoglycan cell walls,
divide via binary fission, get nutrition from organic/inorganic chemicals/photosynthesis
What are archaea characteristics - Answer prokaryotes, lack peptidoglycan cell walls, live in
extreme environments
What are some types of archaea? - Answer Methanogens, Extreme halophiles, extreme
thermophiles
What is fungal characteristics? - Answer Eukaryotes with a distinct nucleus, cell wall of Chitin,
absorbs organic chemicals from energy from degrading organic material, can be unicellular
(yeast) or multicellular (Molds)
What is mycelia composed of? - Answer filaments called hyphae
What are the protozoa characteristics? - Answer Eukaryotic, absorb/ingest organic chemicals,
can be motile, cilia/flagella, can be freeliving or parasitic
What are algae's characteristics? - Answer Eukaryotic, single-celled/multicellular, has cell
walls make of cellulose, can be found in freshwater/saltwater and soil, use photosynthesis,
produce oxygen/carbs
,What are viruses characteristics? - Answer Acellular, mostly referred to as viruses, consist of
DNA/RNA, protein coat, lipid envelope, only replicate when inside living host cell and is inert
outside living host
What are the characteristics of animal parasites? - Answer Eukaryotic, multicellular animals,
not strictly microorganisms, parasitic flatworms/roundworms
What are parasitic flat worms and roundworms called? - Answer Helminths
What is the system that was developed by carl woese? - Answer Three domains system
What is the three domains system based off of? - Answer cellular organization of organisms
What physically shows that there are three domains? - Answer the nucleotide sequesnce in
rRNA, lipid structure, tRNA and sensitivity to antibiotics
what are the three domains? - Answer 1. Bacteria
2. Archaea
3. Eukarya
What makes up the Eukarya group? - Answer 1) protists
2) fungi
3) plants
4) animals
Who created the nomenclature for microorganisms? - Answer Carolus Linaeus in 1735
What are the two parts to the name in microorganisms? - Answer Genus, specific epithet
How are scientific names written? - Answer Italicized/underlined (should be separate for the
genus and species) the first letter should be capitalized and the specific epithet is lowercase
What is the name of Escherichia coli from? - Answer 1) Genus honors the discoverer,
Theordor Escherich
2) Species describes the bacterium's habitate (large intestine/colon)
, What does staphylococcus aureus come from? - Answer describes the clustered/spherical
cells (staphylo- coccus) and describes the color (gold-colored)
Who discovered cells? - Answer Robert Hooke
What did hooke's discover mark the beginning of? - Answer Cell theory
What is cell theory? - Answer all living things are composed of cells
When/by who were microbes first discovered? - Answer 1623-1673 by anton van
leeuwenhoek
What is spontaneous generation? - Answer the hypothesis that living organisms arise from
nonliving matter
What is biogenesis? - Answer THe hypothesis that living organisms arise from preexisting life
Who finally resolved the debate between biogenesis and spontaneous generation? - Answer
Louis Pasteur
How did Louis Pasteur demonstrate that biogenesis is correct? - Answer by showing that
microorganisms are present in the air
What are the experiments that Pasteur did to prove this? - Answer Sealed boiled broth vs
non-sealed boiled broth
Why was the S-shaped flasks so important in his experiments? - Answer It could deny the
arguement that bacteria need air to survive because they had all the air supply they need in the
flask
What did pasteur prove when it comes to microbes? - Answer That life could be destroyed by
heat which created the aseptic technique
When was the golden age of microbiology? - Answer 1857-1914
-Pasteur developed fermentation and pasteurization
-Germ theory of disease is fortified
-Pasteur established the existence of a relationship of microbes to disease
-Isolation techniques- Koch staining, agar plates (pure culture)
