MICROBIO 4000 Exam 4 Final
Questions Fully Solved.
adhesions - Answer microbiota have these proteins to attach to their surface to colonize
epithelial and mucus layers
pathogenicity - Answer ability to cause disease (genetic differences between strains can lead
to..)
pathogen - Answer any microbe that causes disease
parasites - Answer microbes that colonize and harm its host
Ectoparasites - Answer Live on the surface of the host
Endoparasites - Answer Live within the host
infection - Answer occurs when a pathogen enters or begins to grow on a host
disease - Answer only occurs when signs/symptoms develop
not all infections lead to what? - Answer disease
acute infections - Answer cause disease in which symptoms develop and resolve quickly
chronic infections - Answer cause disease in which symptoms develop gradually and are slow
to resolve
opportunistic infections - Answer cause disease only in an immunocompromised host
latent infection or latency - Answer a state in which the pathogen remains dormant in the
host
Pathogenicity is defined in terms of? - Answer Infectivity and Virulence
Infectivity - Answer how easily an organism causes disease
,Virulence - Answer how severe that disease is
Infectious dose 50% (ID50) - Answer is the number of microbial organisms required to cause
disease symptoms in 50% of experimental group of hosts
Lethal dose 50% (LD50) - Answer is the number of microbial organisms required to kill 50% of
an experimental group of hosts
What three objectives must a pathogen accomplish to establish a successful infection? - Answer
Attachment: Adhesins on microbes help them adhere to host cells by binding to host receptors
Immune avoidance: All cellular organisms have antimicrobial mechanisms to resist infection,
and successful pathogens possess genes to avoid the host immune system
Stealing nutrients from the host: Host cells hold onto their nutrients tightly; pathogens much
possess genes that enable them to take nutrients away from the host
Disease - Answer is a disruption of the normal structure or function of any body part, organ,
or system that can be recognized by a characteristic set of symptoms and signs
Symptoms - Answer are aspects of the disease that are felt by the patient (subjective)
Signs - Answer are things that can be observed or measured by another person (objective)
Immunopathology - Answer is damage done by the host immune system in response to an
infectious disease
sequelae - Answer the aftereffects of an infectious disease even after the microbial agent has
been removed
five general stages of an acute infectious disease - Answer 1. Incubation phase: microbe first
infects a person
2. Prodromal phase: first vague symptoms appear
3. Illness phase: typical signs and symptoms of the disease appear
4. Decline phase: the symptoms begin to subside
5. Convalescence: symptoms have completely disappeared
, Bacteremia - Answer presence of bacteria in the blood
septicemia - Answer presence and replication of bacteria in the blood (blood infection)
Viremia - Answer viruses in the blood
toxemia - Answer presence of toxins in the blood
primary infection - Answer infection in a previously healthy individual
secondary infection - Answer infection that follows a primary infection; damaged tissue is
more susceptible to infection by a different organism
Iatrogenic infection - Answer infection transmitted from a health care worker to a patient
nosocomial infection - Answer infection acquired during a hospital stay
community-acquired infection - Answer infection acquired in the community, not in a
hospital
Epidemiology - Answer is the study of distribution and determinants of health-related states
among specified populations and the application of that study to the control of health
problems(CDC)
Morbidity - Answer the rate of illness in a population due to a disease
Mortality - Answer the rate of death in a population due to a disease
What do epidemiologists uncover about infectious diseases? - Answer etiologic agents of
disease, the portal of entry of pathogens, transmission modes and rates, biosafety
considerations, and populations most vulnerable to disease
Horizontal transmission - Answer is the transfer of a pathogen from one organism to another
(most common)
Vertical transmission - Answer is the transfer of a pathogen directly from parent to offspring
Questions Fully Solved.
adhesions - Answer microbiota have these proteins to attach to their surface to colonize
epithelial and mucus layers
pathogenicity - Answer ability to cause disease (genetic differences between strains can lead
to..)
pathogen - Answer any microbe that causes disease
parasites - Answer microbes that colonize and harm its host
Ectoparasites - Answer Live on the surface of the host
Endoparasites - Answer Live within the host
infection - Answer occurs when a pathogen enters or begins to grow on a host
disease - Answer only occurs when signs/symptoms develop
not all infections lead to what? - Answer disease
acute infections - Answer cause disease in which symptoms develop and resolve quickly
chronic infections - Answer cause disease in which symptoms develop gradually and are slow
to resolve
opportunistic infections - Answer cause disease only in an immunocompromised host
latent infection or latency - Answer a state in which the pathogen remains dormant in the
host
Pathogenicity is defined in terms of? - Answer Infectivity and Virulence
Infectivity - Answer how easily an organism causes disease
,Virulence - Answer how severe that disease is
Infectious dose 50% (ID50) - Answer is the number of microbial organisms required to cause
disease symptoms in 50% of experimental group of hosts
Lethal dose 50% (LD50) - Answer is the number of microbial organisms required to kill 50% of
an experimental group of hosts
What three objectives must a pathogen accomplish to establish a successful infection? - Answer
Attachment: Adhesins on microbes help them adhere to host cells by binding to host receptors
Immune avoidance: All cellular organisms have antimicrobial mechanisms to resist infection,
and successful pathogens possess genes to avoid the host immune system
Stealing nutrients from the host: Host cells hold onto their nutrients tightly; pathogens much
possess genes that enable them to take nutrients away from the host
Disease - Answer is a disruption of the normal structure or function of any body part, organ,
or system that can be recognized by a characteristic set of symptoms and signs
Symptoms - Answer are aspects of the disease that are felt by the patient (subjective)
Signs - Answer are things that can be observed or measured by another person (objective)
Immunopathology - Answer is damage done by the host immune system in response to an
infectious disease
sequelae - Answer the aftereffects of an infectious disease even after the microbial agent has
been removed
five general stages of an acute infectious disease - Answer 1. Incubation phase: microbe first
infects a person
2. Prodromal phase: first vague symptoms appear
3. Illness phase: typical signs and symptoms of the disease appear
4. Decline phase: the symptoms begin to subside
5. Convalescence: symptoms have completely disappeared
, Bacteremia - Answer presence of bacteria in the blood
septicemia - Answer presence and replication of bacteria in the blood (blood infection)
Viremia - Answer viruses in the blood
toxemia - Answer presence of toxins in the blood
primary infection - Answer infection in a previously healthy individual
secondary infection - Answer infection that follows a primary infection; damaged tissue is
more susceptible to infection by a different organism
Iatrogenic infection - Answer infection transmitted from a health care worker to a patient
nosocomial infection - Answer infection acquired during a hospital stay
community-acquired infection - Answer infection acquired in the community, not in a
hospital
Epidemiology - Answer is the study of distribution and determinants of health-related states
among specified populations and the application of that study to the control of health
problems(CDC)
Morbidity - Answer the rate of illness in a population due to a disease
Mortality - Answer the rate of death in a population due to a disease
What do epidemiologists uncover about infectious diseases? - Answer etiologic agents of
disease, the portal of entry of pathogens, transmission modes and rates, biosafety
considerations, and populations most vulnerable to disease
Horizontal transmission - Answer is the transfer of a pathogen from one organism to another
(most common)
Vertical transmission - Answer is the transfer of a pathogen directly from parent to offspring
