Chapter 13 Microbiology 4000 Study
Guide Exam Fully Solved 2026
Updated.
__________ - Destruction of ALL living cells, spores, and/or viruses.
Includes chemical and physical methods - Answer STERILIZATION - Destruction of ALL living
cells, spores, and/or viruses.
Includes chemical and physical methods
________ - chemical agent used to sterilize - Answer STERILANT - chemical agent used to
sterilize
Disinfection - Removal of pathogens from ________ surfaces.
Process to rid or eliminates _______ pathogens.
Includes chemical or physical methods. - Answer Disinfection - Removal of pathogens from
INANIMATE surfaces.
Process to rid or eliminates MOST pathogens.
Includes chemical or physical methods.
_________ - chemical (sometimes toxic) used on inanimate objects - Answer DISINFECTANT -
chemical (sometimes toxic) used on inanimate objects
_________ - Removal of most pathogens from living tissues, such as skin or mucous membrane.
Most often chemical methods are used - Answer ANTISEPSIS - Removal of most pathogens
from living tissues, such as skin or mucous membrane.
Most often chemical methods are used
Antiseptic - chemical used to remove/eliminate pathogens from _______ tissue - Answer
Antiseptic - chemical used to remove/eliminate pathogens from LIVING tissue
Sanitation - ________ microbe numbers to "safe" levels; meets some accepted health standard
- Minimal chance of disease transmission
- A sanitized object is Clean + Safe ---> Combining cleaning with disinfection
- Eg. Thorough hand washing or high temp dishwasher - Answer Sanitation - REDUCING
microbe numbers to "safe" levels; meets some accepted health standard
- Minimal chance of disease transmission
- A sanitized object is Clean + Safe ---> Combining cleaning with disinfection
, - Eg. Thorough hand washing or high temp dishwasher
_______ agent: a substance that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms, such as bacteria,
viruses, and fungi - Answer ANTIMICROBIAL agent: a substance that kills or inhibits the
growth of microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi
Action of Antimicrobials
can either be -______ or -_______ - Answer Action of Antimicrobials
can either be -CIDAL or -STATIC
-CIDAL: have lethal effects; they _____ the microbe.
Examples include: Bactericidal, Fungicides
Virucides, Algicides, Germicides, etc. - Answer -CIDAL: have lethal effects; they KILL the
microbe.
Examples include: Bactericidal, Fungicides
Virucides, Algicides, Germicides, etc.
Bactericidal agents _______ bacteria. - Answer Bactericidal agents KILL bacteria.
-STATIC: ____ or _____ metabolism or reproduction, but are not necessarily lethal
- Examples include: Bacteriostatic, Fungistatic, Virustatic, Algistatic, etc. - Answer -STATIC:
STOP or SLOW metabolism or reproduction, but are not necessarily lethal
- Examples include: Bacteriostatic, Fungistatic, Virustatic, Algistatic, etc.
Bacteriostatic agents ______ bacterial growth. - Answer Bacteriostatic agents INHIBIT
bacterial growth.
_________ - method to delay spoilage of foods or perishable products. - Answer
PRESERVATION - method to delay spoilage of foods or perishable products.
PRESERVATION: Adjust storage conditions or add "-_________" compounds to prevent growth
(ex. chemical preservatives like sorbic acid or paraben) - Answer PRESERVATION: Adjust
storage conditions or add "-STATIC" compounds to prevent growth (ex. chemical preservatives
like sorbic acid or paraben)
Situational Considerations For Taking Antimicrobial Measures:
1) Type of Microbe
Guide Exam Fully Solved 2026
Updated.
__________ - Destruction of ALL living cells, spores, and/or viruses.
Includes chemical and physical methods - Answer STERILIZATION - Destruction of ALL living
cells, spores, and/or viruses.
Includes chemical and physical methods
________ - chemical agent used to sterilize - Answer STERILANT - chemical agent used to
sterilize
Disinfection - Removal of pathogens from ________ surfaces.
Process to rid or eliminates _______ pathogens.
Includes chemical or physical methods. - Answer Disinfection - Removal of pathogens from
INANIMATE surfaces.
Process to rid or eliminates MOST pathogens.
Includes chemical or physical methods.
_________ - chemical (sometimes toxic) used on inanimate objects - Answer DISINFECTANT -
chemical (sometimes toxic) used on inanimate objects
_________ - Removal of most pathogens from living tissues, such as skin or mucous membrane.
Most often chemical methods are used - Answer ANTISEPSIS - Removal of most pathogens
from living tissues, such as skin or mucous membrane.
Most often chemical methods are used
Antiseptic - chemical used to remove/eliminate pathogens from _______ tissue - Answer
Antiseptic - chemical used to remove/eliminate pathogens from LIVING tissue
Sanitation - ________ microbe numbers to "safe" levels; meets some accepted health standard
- Minimal chance of disease transmission
- A sanitized object is Clean + Safe ---> Combining cleaning with disinfection
- Eg. Thorough hand washing or high temp dishwasher - Answer Sanitation - REDUCING
microbe numbers to "safe" levels; meets some accepted health standard
- Minimal chance of disease transmission
- A sanitized object is Clean + Safe ---> Combining cleaning with disinfection
, - Eg. Thorough hand washing or high temp dishwasher
_______ agent: a substance that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms, such as bacteria,
viruses, and fungi - Answer ANTIMICROBIAL agent: a substance that kills or inhibits the
growth of microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi
Action of Antimicrobials
can either be -______ or -_______ - Answer Action of Antimicrobials
can either be -CIDAL or -STATIC
-CIDAL: have lethal effects; they _____ the microbe.
Examples include: Bactericidal, Fungicides
Virucides, Algicides, Germicides, etc. - Answer -CIDAL: have lethal effects; they KILL the
microbe.
Examples include: Bactericidal, Fungicides
Virucides, Algicides, Germicides, etc.
Bactericidal agents _______ bacteria. - Answer Bactericidal agents KILL bacteria.
-STATIC: ____ or _____ metabolism or reproduction, but are not necessarily lethal
- Examples include: Bacteriostatic, Fungistatic, Virustatic, Algistatic, etc. - Answer -STATIC:
STOP or SLOW metabolism or reproduction, but are not necessarily lethal
- Examples include: Bacteriostatic, Fungistatic, Virustatic, Algistatic, etc.
Bacteriostatic agents ______ bacterial growth. - Answer Bacteriostatic agents INHIBIT
bacterial growth.
_________ - method to delay spoilage of foods or perishable products. - Answer
PRESERVATION - method to delay spoilage of foods or perishable products.
PRESERVATION: Adjust storage conditions or add "-_________" compounds to prevent growth
(ex. chemical preservatives like sorbic acid or paraben) - Answer PRESERVATION: Adjust
storage conditions or add "-STATIC" compounds to prevent growth (ex. chemical preservatives
like sorbic acid or paraben)
Situational Considerations For Taking Antimicrobial Measures:
1) Type of Microbe
