NU 150 PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 4 - QUESTIONS
COMPLETE WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS AND
DETAILED RATIONALES
1. The nurse is caring for a female client who has been prescribed metronidazole
to treat a chlamydia infection. Which of the following statements by the client
indicates the need for additional teaching?
A. "This medication can cause a metallic taste in my mouth."
B. "I could develop changes in bowel habits such as diarrhea."
C. "This medication may cause my urine to turn dark rusty brown."
D. "I should limit my alcohol intake to 1 glass of red wine while taking this
medication."
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Metronidazole has a disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol, causing
severe nausea, vomiting, flushing, and headache. The client should avoid ALL
alcohol while taking this medication and for at least 48 hours after completion.
Options A, B, and C are correct statements about metronidazole's side effects.
2. The nurse is teaching a client who has been prescribed
trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Which of the following instructions is
appropriate for the nurse to give the client?
A. "Take this medication with orange juice to enhance absorption."
B. "Make sure that you apply sunblock and avoid direct exposure to sunlight."
C. "This medication can be taken with antacids if you experience stomach upset."
D. "You may stop taking the medication once your symptoms improve."
Correct Answer: B
,Explanation: Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole causes photosensitivity. Clients
should apply sunblock and avoid direct sunlight exposure to prevent severe
sunburn. The medication should be taken with a full glass of water, not orange
juice, and should be completed as prescribed.
3. The nurse is caring for a client who presented with urinary pain and frequency
and was prescribed an antibiotic for cystitis. After 24 hours of treatment, the
client reports that the pain has completely subsided. The nurse should counsel
the client to:
A. Stop the antibiotic to prevent antibiotic resistance
B. Continue the antibiotic as prescribed
C. Take the medication only when pain returns
D. Double the dose to ensure complete eradication
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Even though symptoms have resolved, the client must complete the
full course of antibiotics as prescribed to ensure complete eradication of the
infection and prevent antibiotic resistance.
4. The nurse is teaching a female client about phenazopyridine hydrochloride.
Which of the following client statements indicates a correct understanding of
home instructions for this medication?
A. "I will need to avoid dairy products while taking this medication."
B. "This medication will turn my urine a bright orange-red color."
C. "An orange color in my contact lenses won't alarm me."
D. "I should take this medication on an empty stomach."
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Phenazopyridine hydrochloride is a urinary tract analgesic that turns
urine a bright orange-red color. This is a normal, expected side effect and should
,not be alarming. Option C is incorrect because the medication can stain contact
lenses orange.
5. The nurse has instructed an adult female client who has been prescribed
doxycycline. Which of the following client statements indicates a correct
understanding of the instructions?
A. "I should take this medication with milk to prevent stomach upset."
B. "This medication will decrease the effectiveness of my birth control pills."
C. "I can lie down immediately after taking this medication."
D. "This medication is safe to take during pregnancy."
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Doxycycline can decrease the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.
Alternative or additional contraceptive methods should be used. It should not be
taken with dairy products, and the client should remain upright for 30 minutes
after taking it.
6. The nurse is caring for a client who reports self-administering over-the-
counter (OTC) bisacodyl. Which of the following clinical findings indicates the
client is having an adverse reaction?
A. Abdominal cramping
B. Electrolyte imbalance
C. Increased thirst
D. Dark-colored stool
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Bisacodyl is a stimulant laxative that can cause electrolyte imbalances
with prolonged or excessive use. Electrolyte imbalances are a serious adverse
reaction requiring medical attention.
, 7. The nurse is assessing a client who has completed a course of prescribed
nitrofurantoin. It indicates a therapeutic response to the medication if the client:
A. Has increased urinary frequency
B. Reports decreased nausea
C. Is free of signs and symptoms of a urinary tract infection (UTI)
D. Has clear, dark urine
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Nitrofurantoin is used to treat UTIs. A therapeutic response is
indicated by the resolution of UTI signs and symptoms such as dysuria, frequency,
and urgency.
8. The nurse has taught a client who is prescribed nitrofurantoin for the
treatment of a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which of the following client
statements indicates a correct understanding of the teaching regarding the
medication?
A. "I can stop taking this medication when I feel better."
B. "This medication may cause my urine to turn a brownish color."
C. "I should take this medication with grapefruit juice."
D. "This medication will cure my kidney infection immediately."
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Nitrofurantoin can cause brownish discoloration of urine, which is a
harmless side effect. Clients should complete the full course of antibiotics and
take the medication with food to reduce GI upset.
9. What are the signs and symptoms of anticonvulsant toxicity?
A. Increased appetite and weight gain
B. Slurred speech, ataxia, lethargy, dizziness, and N/V
COMPLETE WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS AND
DETAILED RATIONALES
1. The nurse is caring for a female client who has been prescribed metronidazole
to treat a chlamydia infection. Which of the following statements by the client
indicates the need for additional teaching?
A. "This medication can cause a metallic taste in my mouth."
B. "I could develop changes in bowel habits such as diarrhea."
C. "This medication may cause my urine to turn dark rusty brown."
D. "I should limit my alcohol intake to 1 glass of red wine while taking this
medication."
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Metronidazole has a disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol, causing
severe nausea, vomiting, flushing, and headache. The client should avoid ALL
alcohol while taking this medication and for at least 48 hours after completion.
Options A, B, and C are correct statements about metronidazole's side effects.
2. The nurse is teaching a client who has been prescribed
trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Which of the following instructions is
appropriate for the nurse to give the client?
A. "Take this medication with orange juice to enhance absorption."
B. "Make sure that you apply sunblock and avoid direct exposure to sunlight."
C. "This medication can be taken with antacids if you experience stomach upset."
D. "You may stop taking the medication once your symptoms improve."
Correct Answer: B
,Explanation: Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole causes photosensitivity. Clients
should apply sunblock and avoid direct sunlight exposure to prevent severe
sunburn. The medication should be taken with a full glass of water, not orange
juice, and should be completed as prescribed.
3. The nurse is caring for a client who presented with urinary pain and frequency
and was prescribed an antibiotic for cystitis. After 24 hours of treatment, the
client reports that the pain has completely subsided. The nurse should counsel
the client to:
A. Stop the antibiotic to prevent antibiotic resistance
B. Continue the antibiotic as prescribed
C. Take the medication only when pain returns
D. Double the dose to ensure complete eradication
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Even though symptoms have resolved, the client must complete the
full course of antibiotics as prescribed to ensure complete eradication of the
infection and prevent antibiotic resistance.
4. The nurse is teaching a female client about phenazopyridine hydrochloride.
Which of the following client statements indicates a correct understanding of
home instructions for this medication?
A. "I will need to avoid dairy products while taking this medication."
B. "This medication will turn my urine a bright orange-red color."
C. "An orange color in my contact lenses won't alarm me."
D. "I should take this medication on an empty stomach."
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Phenazopyridine hydrochloride is a urinary tract analgesic that turns
urine a bright orange-red color. This is a normal, expected side effect and should
,not be alarming. Option C is incorrect because the medication can stain contact
lenses orange.
5. The nurse has instructed an adult female client who has been prescribed
doxycycline. Which of the following client statements indicates a correct
understanding of the instructions?
A. "I should take this medication with milk to prevent stomach upset."
B. "This medication will decrease the effectiveness of my birth control pills."
C. "I can lie down immediately after taking this medication."
D. "This medication is safe to take during pregnancy."
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Doxycycline can decrease the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.
Alternative or additional contraceptive methods should be used. It should not be
taken with dairy products, and the client should remain upright for 30 minutes
after taking it.
6. The nurse is caring for a client who reports self-administering over-the-
counter (OTC) bisacodyl. Which of the following clinical findings indicates the
client is having an adverse reaction?
A. Abdominal cramping
B. Electrolyte imbalance
C. Increased thirst
D. Dark-colored stool
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Bisacodyl is a stimulant laxative that can cause electrolyte imbalances
with prolonged or excessive use. Electrolyte imbalances are a serious adverse
reaction requiring medical attention.
, 7. The nurse is assessing a client who has completed a course of prescribed
nitrofurantoin. It indicates a therapeutic response to the medication if the client:
A. Has increased urinary frequency
B. Reports decreased nausea
C. Is free of signs and symptoms of a urinary tract infection (UTI)
D. Has clear, dark urine
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Nitrofurantoin is used to treat UTIs. A therapeutic response is
indicated by the resolution of UTI signs and symptoms such as dysuria, frequency,
and urgency.
8. The nurse has taught a client who is prescribed nitrofurantoin for the
treatment of a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which of the following client
statements indicates a correct understanding of the teaching regarding the
medication?
A. "I can stop taking this medication when I feel better."
B. "This medication may cause my urine to turn a brownish color."
C. "I should take this medication with grapefruit juice."
D. "This medication will cure my kidney infection immediately."
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Nitrofurantoin can cause brownish discoloration of urine, which is a
harmless side effect. Clients should complete the full course of antibiotics and
take the medication with food to reduce GI upset.
9. What are the signs and symptoms of anticonvulsant toxicity?
A. Increased appetite and weight gain
B. Slurred speech, ataxia, lethargy, dizziness, and N/V
