HMGT 2460 EXAM 2 REVIEW (CHPT 4-6) QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
What are monosaccharides?
Disaccharides?
Polysaccharides? - Answers - Monosaccharide: Simplest carbohydratew with one sugar
molecular/ most common glucose
Disaccharide: Carbohydrate with two molecules of sugar joined
Polysaccharide: Carbohydrate with long chains of glucose molecules
What monosaccharides make up disaccharides? - Answers - Sucrose, lactose, maltose
What makes each monosaccharide different from another and where are they found? -
Answers - The arrangement of atoms differentiates monasaccharides
What is the preferred fuel for the brain? - Answers - Glucose
What is starch? Storage form of what? - Answers - It's a polysaccharide stored in plants;
the storage form of glucose in plants
What is glycogen? - Answers - Polysaccharide; storage form of glucose in animals
What are the different polysaccharides? - Answers - Starch, glycogen, and most fibers
What is the difference between souble and insoluble fiber? Why are they important?
Recommended amounts per day? What's the function of fiber? - Answers - Soluble:
Fibers that dissolve in water, reduces risk cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes
Insoluble: Fibers that don't dissolve in water, promote regular bowel movements,
alleviating constipation, and reducing risk for diverticulitis
What is gluconeogenesis? - Answers - Generation of glucose from the breakdown of
proteins into amino acids
What is ketosis? - Answers - Process by which the breakdown of fat during fasting
states results in the production of ketones
Know the enzymes of carbohydrate digestion? Where is carbohydrate digested and
absorbed? - Answers - Salivary Amylase: Enzyme in saliva that breaks starch into
smaller particles and eventually into the disaccharide maltose
Pancreatic Amylase: Enzyme secreted by he pancreas into the small intestine that
digest any remaining starch into maltose
, Carbohydrate is digested and absorbed mainly inthe small intestine.
What is the difference between insulin and glucagon? - Answers - Insulin: Hormone
secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas in response to increased blood levels of
glucose; facilitates the uptake of glucose
Glucagon: Hormone secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas in response to
decreased blood levels of glucose; causes the breakdown of liver stores of glycogen
into glucose
What is the glycemic index? What foods have high glycemic index? - Answers - System
that assigns ratings/values for the potential of foods to raise blood glucose and insulin
levels; foods with high index is white rice, cakes, cackers, etc
How to calculate calories from carbohydrates? How many calories/gram (kcals/gram)? -
Answers - 1g carbohydrate = 4 calories
Where do we get added sugars? How to calculate % of total carbohydrates? - Answers
- Added sugars come from processed foods (sugars and syrups);
What is diabetes and how is it controlled? - Answers - Chronic disease in which the
body can no longer regulate glucose normally; controlled by diet and medication
Differences between types of diabetes? - Answers - Type 1: Increased/frequent
urination, excessive thirst, constant hunger, unexplained weight loss, extreme fatigue,
and blurred vision
Type 2: ^, greater frequency of infections, sudden vision changes, slow healing of
wounds or sores, tingling or numbness in the hands/feet, very dry skin
What are lipids? Where is fat stored in the body? - Answers - Diverse group of organic
substances that are insoluble in water; fat is stored in
What are triglycerides?
Phospholipids?
Sterols?
And what are each made of? - Answers - Triglyceride: Molecule consisting of three fatty
acids attached to a three carbon glycerol backbone
Phospholipids: Lipid in which a fatty acid is combined with another compound that
contains phosphate
Sterol: Lipid found in foods and the body that has a ring structure
What are chlyomicrons? - Answers - Lipoproteins produced in the erythrocyte;
transports dietary fat out of the intestinal tract
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
What are monosaccharides?
Disaccharides?
Polysaccharides? - Answers - Monosaccharide: Simplest carbohydratew with one sugar
molecular/ most common glucose
Disaccharide: Carbohydrate with two molecules of sugar joined
Polysaccharide: Carbohydrate with long chains of glucose molecules
What monosaccharides make up disaccharides? - Answers - Sucrose, lactose, maltose
What makes each monosaccharide different from another and where are they found? -
Answers - The arrangement of atoms differentiates monasaccharides
What is the preferred fuel for the brain? - Answers - Glucose
What is starch? Storage form of what? - Answers - It's a polysaccharide stored in plants;
the storage form of glucose in plants
What is glycogen? - Answers - Polysaccharide; storage form of glucose in animals
What are the different polysaccharides? - Answers - Starch, glycogen, and most fibers
What is the difference between souble and insoluble fiber? Why are they important?
Recommended amounts per day? What's the function of fiber? - Answers - Soluble:
Fibers that dissolve in water, reduces risk cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes
Insoluble: Fibers that don't dissolve in water, promote regular bowel movements,
alleviating constipation, and reducing risk for diverticulitis
What is gluconeogenesis? - Answers - Generation of glucose from the breakdown of
proteins into amino acids
What is ketosis? - Answers - Process by which the breakdown of fat during fasting
states results in the production of ketones
Know the enzymes of carbohydrate digestion? Where is carbohydrate digested and
absorbed? - Answers - Salivary Amylase: Enzyme in saliva that breaks starch into
smaller particles and eventually into the disaccharide maltose
Pancreatic Amylase: Enzyme secreted by he pancreas into the small intestine that
digest any remaining starch into maltose
, Carbohydrate is digested and absorbed mainly inthe small intestine.
What is the difference between insulin and glucagon? - Answers - Insulin: Hormone
secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas in response to increased blood levels of
glucose; facilitates the uptake of glucose
Glucagon: Hormone secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas in response to
decreased blood levels of glucose; causes the breakdown of liver stores of glycogen
into glucose
What is the glycemic index? What foods have high glycemic index? - Answers - System
that assigns ratings/values for the potential of foods to raise blood glucose and insulin
levels; foods with high index is white rice, cakes, cackers, etc
How to calculate calories from carbohydrates? How many calories/gram (kcals/gram)? -
Answers - 1g carbohydrate = 4 calories
Where do we get added sugars? How to calculate % of total carbohydrates? - Answers
- Added sugars come from processed foods (sugars and syrups);
What is diabetes and how is it controlled? - Answers - Chronic disease in which the
body can no longer regulate glucose normally; controlled by diet and medication
Differences between types of diabetes? - Answers - Type 1: Increased/frequent
urination, excessive thirst, constant hunger, unexplained weight loss, extreme fatigue,
and blurred vision
Type 2: ^, greater frequency of infections, sudden vision changes, slow healing of
wounds or sores, tingling or numbness in the hands/feet, very dry skin
What are lipids? Where is fat stored in the body? - Answers - Diverse group of organic
substances that are insoluble in water; fat is stored in
What are triglycerides?
Phospholipids?
Sterols?
And what are each made of? - Answers - Triglyceride: Molecule consisting of three fatty
acids attached to a three carbon glycerol backbone
Phospholipids: Lipid in which a fatty acid is combined with another compound that
contains phosphate
Sterol: Lipid found in foods and the body that has a ring structure
What are chlyomicrons? - Answers - Lipoproteins produced in the erythrocyte;
transports dietary fat out of the intestinal tract
