Pharmacology for Professional Nursing (NUR2474) Review
(NUR2474 Section CPPC2A0Z Pharmacology for Professional Nursing (11 Weeks) -
Residential and Online - 2021 Spring Quarter)
1. Lithium levels, use, side effects (it’s a SALT)
-Normal range: 0.4 - 1 MEQ/L
-Use: tx of bipolar
-Lithium Toxicity: COURSE HAND TREMOR, CONFUSION, EKG
CHANGES, SEIZURES, DEATH
- Serum levels of 2 to 2.5 mEq/L may produce ataxia, clonic movements,
possible seizures, and hypotension.
- Fine hand tremors, slurred speech, and nausea and vomiting are indicative
of lithium levels less than 1.5 mEq/L.
-older patients encouraged to maintain hydration and sodium intake
2. Benzodiazepines uses, actions, antidote
-MANY USES DEPENDING ON ROUTE AND DOSE INCLUDING SLEEP
AID, ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL, ANXIETY, SEIZURES, PANIC D/O.
-Action: Calms nerves by sustaining the GABA and works on the CNS in the
GABA receptors, Gaba calms neurons
-SUDDENLY STOPPING MAY CAUSE SEIZURES, ANXIETY, INSOMNIA,
SWEATING, TREMORS.
-ANTIDOTE: Flumazenil (Romazicon)
3. Medications for anxiety, sleep and concentration
4. Stimulants, examples, education
-take in morning, after breakfast
5. Dementia medications, examples and side effects, action
-Donepezil(Aricept)-Cholinergic-A CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR THAT DOES
NOT STOP PROGRESSION OF THE DISEASE AND HAS CHOLINERGIC
SIDE EFFECTS.
-drooling, increase secretions, decrease in pulse
-Cholinesterase inhibitors: PREVENTS THE BREAKDOWN OF ACETYLCHOLINE,
LEAVING MORE TO INTERACT WITH RECEPTORS THUS IMPROVING
COGNITIVE FUNCTION.
6. SSRI, education
-multiple SSRI use can cause serotonin syndrome-agitation, confusion, rigidity, and
fever.
-Do not stop abruptly
, 7. TCA side effects
-SEDATION, HYPOTENSION, TACHYCARDIA, CARDIOTOXICITY,
CONSTIPATION, DRY MOUTH
8. SNRI, contraindications
- tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
- tricyclic antidepressant. What assessment data are important: suicide attmpts,
gastro, affect
9. Side effects, adverse effects, teratogenic effects,
-side effects: known/expected and are generally temporary or unpleasant but do not
cause long-term harm (we are always assessing and monitoring but we work on how to manage
them)
-adverse effects: known/expected but are potentially dangerous or will cause harm (we
are always assessing and monitoring for these).
-teratogenic effect: cause abnormal fetal development
10. 1½ life, tolerance
-THE AMOUNT OF TIME IT TAKES FOR ONE HALF OF THE DRUG
CONCENTRATION TO BE ELIMINATED FROM THE BODY.
-Tolerance: A DECREASED RESPONSIVENESS OVER THE COURSE OF
THERAPY, WHICH MAY LEAD TO THE NEED TO INCREASE DOSAGES TO
ATTAIN THE SAME EFFECT.
-determines the dosing interval (i.e., how much time separates each
dose). (How long does it stay in the system? 2. When can we re-
administer?)
11. Atypical and typical antipsychotics differences side effects, action
Typical (Traditional) Antipsychotic: CLASS OF DRUGS THAT WORK ON
"POSITIVE" SYMPTOMS AND MAY CAUSE TD, EPS, NMS, PARKINSONISM.
Atypical antipsychotic:
- When giving a parenteral form of an antipsychotic, the patient should remain
recumbent to decrease the risk of injury if orthostatic hypotension occurs.
12. Hydantoins (Phenytoin/DILANTIN) side effects
Therapeutic range for Phenytoin: 10 - 20 MCG/ML
- NARROW THERAPEUTIC RANGE
(NUR2474 Section CPPC2A0Z Pharmacology for Professional Nursing (11 Weeks) -
Residential and Online - 2021 Spring Quarter)
1. Lithium levels, use, side effects (it’s a SALT)
-Normal range: 0.4 - 1 MEQ/L
-Use: tx of bipolar
-Lithium Toxicity: COURSE HAND TREMOR, CONFUSION, EKG
CHANGES, SEIZURES, DEATH
- Serum levels of 2 to 2.5 mEq/L may produce ataxia, clonic movements,
possible seizures, and hypotension.
- Fine hand tremors, slurred speech, and nausea and vomiting are indicative
of lithium levels less than 1.5 mEq/L.
-older patients encouraged to maintain hydration and sodium intake
2. Benzodiazepines uses, actions, antidote
-MANY USES DEPENDING ON ROUTE AND DOSE INCLUDING SLEEP
AID, ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL, ANXIETY, SEIZURES, PANIC D/O.
-Action: Calms nerves by sustaining the GABA and works on the CNS in the
GABA receptors, Gaba calms neurons
-SUDDENLY STOPPING MAY CAUSE SEIZURES, ANXIETY, INSOMNIA,
SWEATING, TREMORS.
-ANTIDOTE: Flumazenil (Romazicon)
3. Medications for anxiety, sleep and concentration
4. Stimulants, examples, education
-take in morning, after breakfast
5. Dementia medications, examples and side effects, action
-Donepezil(Aricept)-Cholinergic-A CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR THAT DOES
NOT STOP PROGRESSION OF THE DISEASE AND HAS CHOLINERGIC
SIDE EFFECTS.
-drooling, increase secretions, decrease in pulse
-Cholinesterase inhibitors: PREVENTS THE BREAKDOWN OF ACETYLCHOLINE,
LEAVING MORE TO INTERACT WITH RECEPTORS THUS IMPROVING
COGNITIVE FUNCTION.
6. SSRI, education
-multiple SSRI use can cause serotonin syndrome-agitation, confusion, rigidity, and
fever.
-Do not stop abruptly
, 7. TCA side effects
-SEDATION, HYPOTENSION, TACHYCARDIA, CARDIOTOXICITY,
CONSTIPATION, DRY MOUTH
8. SNRI, contraindications
- tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
- tricyclic antidepressant. What assessment data are important: suicide attmpts,
gastro, affect
9. Side effects, adverse effects, teratogenic effects,
-side effects: known/expected and are generally temporary or unpleasant but do not
cause long-term harm (we are always assessing and monitoring but we work on how to manage
them)
-adverse effects: known/expected but are potentially dangerous or will cause harm (we
are always assessing and monitoring for these).
-teratogenic effect: cause abnormal fetal development
10. 1½ life, tolerance
-THE AMOUNT OF TIME IT TAKES FOR ONE HALF OF THE DRUG
CONCENTRATION TO BE ELIMINATED FROM THE BODY.
-Tolerance: A DECREASED RESPONSIVENESS OVER THE COURSE OF
THERAPY, WHICH MAY LEAD TO THE NEED TO INCREASE DOSAGES TO
ATTAIN THE SAME EFFECT.
-determines the dosing interval (i.e., how much time separates each
dose). (How long does it stay in the system? 2. When can we re-
administer?)
11. Atypical and typical antipsychotics differences side effects, action
Typical (Traditional) Antipsychotic: CLASS OF DRUGS THAT WORK ON
"POSITIVE" SYMPTOMS AND MAY CAUSE TD, EPS, NMS, PARKINSONISM.
Atypical antipsychotic:
- When giving a parenteral form of an antipsychotic, the patient should remain
recumbent to decrease the risk of injury if orthostatic hypotension occurs.
12. Hydantoins (Phenytoin/DILANTIN) side effects
Therapeutic range for Phenytoin: 10 - 20 MCG/ML
- NARROW THERAPEUTIC RANGE
