MGMT 311 UPDATED EXAM 2 Questions and
CORRECT Answers
What is organizational structure? - CORRECT ANSWERS The formal system of task, reporting,
and authority relationships within which an organization operates.
What is work specialization? - CORRECT ANSWERS The degree to which tasks are subdivided
into separate, narrow jobs.
What is chain of command? - CORRECT ANSWERS The unbroken line of authority extending
from the top to the bottom of an organization.
What is span of control? - CORRECT ANSWERS The number of employees a manager directly
supervises.
What is centralization? - CORRECT ANSWERS The degree to which decision-making authority is
concentrated at the top of the hierarchy.
What is decentralization? - CORRECT ANSWERS Pushing decision-making authority down to
lower-level employees.
What is formalization? - CORRECT ANSWERS The degree to which rules, procedures, job
descriptions, and policies are written and standardized.
What is a mechanistic structure? - CORRECT ANSWERS A rigid, bureaucratic design with high
work specialization and centralized authority.
What is an organic structure? - CORRECT ANSWERS A flexible, adaptive design with
decentralized authority and cross-functional teamwork.
How does mechanistic structure align with a low-cost producer strategy? - CORRECT
ANSWERS It matches goals of efficiency and standardization.
, How does organic structure align with a differentiator strategy? - CORRECT ANSWERS It
enables flexibility and cross-functional collaboration for innovation.
What is a functional structure? - CORRECT ANSWERS Groups employees by job function,
building deep expertise within functions.
What is a product structure? - CORRECT ANSWERS Groups employees around specific
products or product lines.
What is a geographic structure? - CORRECT ANSWERS Organizes employees by region or
country to respond to local market needs.
What is a client-based structure? - CORRECT ANSWERS Organizes employees by type of
customer or client segment.
How does restructuring affect employees? - CORRECT ANSWERS It typically harms job
performance and organizational commitment due to uncertainty.
What steps reduce the negative effects of restructuring? - CORRECT ANSWERS Communicate
transparently, involve employees, provide support, and clarify new roles.
What is organizational culture? - CORRECT ANSWERS The shared social knowledge regarding
the rules, norms, and values within an organization.
What are observable artifacts? - CORRECT ANSWERS The surface-level, visible expressions of
culture.
What are espoused values? - CORRECT ANSWERS The explicitly stated values and norms an
organization claims to hold.
What are basic underlying assumptions? - CORRECT ANSWERS The deepest level of culture,
consisting of unconscious beliefs that shape behavior.
CORRECT Answers
What is organizational structure? - CORRECT ANSWERS The formal system of task, reporting,
and authority relationships within which an organization operates.
What is work specialization? - CORRECT ANSWERS The degree to which tasks are subdivided
into separate, narrow jobs.
What is chain of command? - CORRECT ANSWERS The unbroken line of authority extending
from the top to the bottom of an organization.
What is span of control? - CORRECT ANSWERS The number of employees a manager directly
supervises.
What is centralization? - CORRECT ANSWERS The degree to which decision-making authority is
concentrated at the top of the hierarchy.
What is decentralization? - CORRECT ANSWERS Pushing decision-making authority down to
lower-level employees.
What is formalization? - CORRECT ANSWERS The degree to which rules, procedures, job
descriptions, and policies are written and standardized.
What is a mechanistic structure? - CORRECT ANSWERS A rigid, bureaucratic design with high
work specialization and centralized authority.
What is an organic structure? - CORRECT ANSWERS A flexible, adaptive design with
decentralized authority and cross-functional teamwork.
How does mechanistic structure align with a low-cost producer strategy? - CORRECT
ANSWERS It matches goals of efficiency and standardization.
, How does organic structure align with a differentiator strategy? - CORRECT ANSWERS It
enables flexibility and cross-functional collaboration for innovation.
What is a functional structure? - CORRECT ANSWERS Groups employees by job function,
building deep expertise within functions.
What is a product structure? - CORRECT ANSWERS Groups employees around specific
products or product lines.
What is a geographic structure? - CORRECT ANSWERS Organizes employees by region or
country to respond to local market needs.
What is a client-based structure? - CORRECT ANSWERS Organizes employees by type of
customer or client segment.
How does restructuring affect employees? - CORRECT ANSWERS It typically harms job
performance and organizational commitment due to uncertainty.
What steps reduce the negative effects of restructuring? - CORRECT ANSWERS Communicate
transparently, involve employees, provide support, and clarify new roles.
What is organizational culture? - CORRECT ANSWERS The shared social knowledge regarding
the rules, norms, and values within an organization.
What are observable artifacts? - CORRECT ANSWERS The surface-level, visible expressions of
culture.
What are espoused values? - CORRECT ANSWERS The explicitly stated values and norms an
organization claims to hold.
What are basic underlying assumptions? - CORRECT ANSWERS The deepest level of culture,
consisting of unconscious beliefs that shape behavior.
