NUR 2356 FINAL EXAM 2 2026/2027
WITH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WRITTEN CORRECTLY
Define iron deficiency anemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨-reduction in the iron stores of the body
causing an inadequate production of hemoglobin
What is iron needed for? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨-to make hgb
signs and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨-pallor
tachycardia
tachypnea
lethargy
fatigue
irritability
Why are neonates at risk for iron deficiency anemia? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨--lack the maternal iron
stores
-Full term infants have maternal iron stores until approximately 6 months of age
-Havent had the time in utero to store up the needed iron supply (preterm)
How can you treat a neonate with iron deficiency anemia? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨-Iron fortified
formula
What are risk factors for iron deficiency anemia in infants and children? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨-
1.inadequate iron intake
2.Malabsorption of iron in GI tract
3.Chronic blood loss
,Food with good sources of iron - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨-red meat, egg yolk, leafy greens, dried fruits,
fortified cereals/formulas, beef, chicken, fish, beans, nuts, seeds, peanut butter, eggs, prunes, whole
grain bread
How is iron deficiency anemia diagnosed? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨-Serum lab evaluation:
-Red blood cell count = microcytic (small) and hypo chronic (pale in color)
-low hemoglobin
-low hematocrit
-low reticulocyte count
-low serum iron concentration
-high total iron binding capacity
What is the goal of treatment for iron deficiency anemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨-treat medical
problem causing malabsorption or blood loss/ identify cause
What is the treatment method for iron deficiency anemia? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨-Increase iron take
~ Dietary sources
~Medication supplement (ferrosol or ferrous sulfate)
What should nurses and parents know about administering iron to children? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨-
-Administer to back of mouth because it stains teeth, can cause constipation, and black/green stool
-Give with orange juice or citric acid to help with absorption
-Do not give with milk or antacids
-Give on empty stomach unless GI distress
Lead Poisoning Risks - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨--Children under the age of 6
-Children living at or below the poverty line who live in older (prior to 1978) housing
-Children adopted from other countries where there are less strict environmental regulations
,Environmental causes of lead poisoning - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨--Lead based paint
-Plumbing from lead pipes
-soil
Dietary factors of lead poisoning - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨--iron deficiency
-calcium deficiency
Patient-child interactions - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨--Job or hobby exposure
-home remedies or cultural practices
How does lead poisoning cause anemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨-lead can replace iron on Hgb causing
O2 to not be delivered causing anemia
Clinical manifestation of lead poisoning - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨--Asymptomatic
-Signs of anemia
-Growth and developmental lags
-Behavioral changes
-Neurologic changes
-Gastrointestinal changes
can someone be asymptomatic if they have lead poisoning - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨-yes
signs of anemia (lead poisoning) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨-pallor, fatigue, weakness, shortness of
breath, headache, tachycardia - because lead replaces iron in Hgb causing anemia
Growth and developmental lags in lead poisoning - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨-learning difficulties
Neurologic signs and symptoms of lead poisoning - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨--Headache, irritability,
difficulty concentrating, loss of motor skills, paralysis, tremors
, High levels: encephalopathy, seizures, and brain damage
Gastrointestinal signs and symptoms of lead poisoning - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨-abdominal pain,
failure to gain weight, weight loss, vomiting, constipation
Lead poisoning diagnostics - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨-Blood lead level (BBL) test
-5mcg/dL = lead exposure
-45 mcg/dL = medical treatment required with chelation therapy
->70= mcg/dL = severe lead toxicity
Therapeutic management of lead poisoning - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨--Decontamination
-Chelation
-Supportive therapy
-Deterrence and prevention
How do you decontaminate a person with lead poisoning? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨-Xray of GI tract to
see of lead is there. if it is, they flush it out to stop absorption
when to use Chelation therapy for lead poisoning - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨--45-69 mcg/dL outpatient
therapy with oral succorer and parenteral disodium calcium edetate
->70 Hospitalization with dimercaprol and disodium calcium EDTA
-Monitor urinary output (possibly on 24 hour urine collection)
What do patients who have lead poisoning need in their diet? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨-Adequate
calcium, iron, and vitamin C
Chelation drugs - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨-1.Edetate calcium disodium (CaNA2EDTA)
2.Succimer (Chemet)
3.Dimercaprol (BAL in Oil)
WITH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WRITTEN CORRECTLY
Define iron deficiency anemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨-reduction in the iron stores of the body
causing an inadequate production of hemoglobin
What is iron needed for? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨-to make hgb
signs and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨-pallor
tachycardia
tachypnea
lethargy
fatigue
irritability
Why are neonates at risk for iron deficiency anemia? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨--lack the maternal iron
stores
-Full term infants have maternal iron stores until approximately 6 months of age
-Havent had the time in utero to store up the needed iron supply (preterm)
How can you treat a neonate with iron deficiency anemia? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨-Iron fortified
formula
What are risk factors for iron deficiency anemia in infants and children? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨-
1.inadequate iron intake
2.Malabsorption of iron in GI tract
3.Chronic blood loss
,Food with good sources of iron - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨-red meat, egg yolk, leafy greens, dried fruits,
fortified cereals/formulas, beef, chicken, fish, beans, nuts, seeds, peanut butter, eggs, prunes, whole
grain bread
How is iron deficiency anemia diagnosed? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨-Serum lab evaluation:
-Red blood cell count = microcytic (small) and hypo chronic (pale in color)
-low hemoglobin
-low hematocrit
-low reticulocyte count
-low serum iron concentration
-high total iron binding capacity
What is the goal of treatment for iron deficiency anemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨-treat medical
problem causing malabsorption or blood loss/ identify cause
What is the treatment method for iron deficiency anemia? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨-Increase iron take
~ Dietary sources
~Medication supplement (ferrosol or ferrous sulfate)
What should nurses and parents know about administering iron to children? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨-
-Administer to back of mouth because it stains teeth, can cause constipation, and black/green stool
-Give with orange juice or citric acid to help with absorption
-Do not give with milk or antacids
-Give on empty stomach unless GI distress
Lead Poisoning Risks - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨--Children under the age of 6
-Children living at or below the poverty line who live in older (prior to 1978) housing
-Children adopted from other countries where there are less strict environmental regulations
,Environmental causes of lead poisoning - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨--Lead based paint
-Plumbing from lead pipes
-soil
Dietary factors of lead poisoning - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨--iron deficiency
-calcium deficiency
Patient-child interactions - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨--Job or hobby exposure
-home remedies or cultural practices
How does lead poisoning cause anemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨-lead can replace iron on Hgb causing
O2 to not be delivered causing anemia
Clinical manifestation of lead poisoning - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨--Asymptomatic
-Signs of anemia
-Growth and developmental lags
-Behavioral changes
-Neurologic changes
-Gastrointestinal changes
can someone be asymptomatic if they have lead poisoning - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨-yes
signs of anemia (lead poisoning) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨-pallor, fatigue, weakness, shortness of
breath, headache, tachycardia - because lead replaces iron in Hgb causing anemia
Growth and developmental lags in lead poisoning - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨-learning difficulties
Neurologic signs and symptoms of lead poisoning - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨--Headache, irritability,
difficulty concentrating, loss of motor skills, paralysis, tremors
, High levels: encephalopathy, seizures, and brain damage
Gastrointestinal signs and symptoms of lead poisoning - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨-abdominal pain,
failure to gain weight, weight loss, vomiting, constipation
Lead poisoning diagnostics - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨-Blood lead level (BBL) test
-5mcg/dL = lead exposure
-45 mcg/dL = medical treatment required with chelation therapy
->70= mcg/dL = severe lead toxicity
Therapeutic management of lead poisoning - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨--Decontamination
-Chelation
-Supportive therapy
-Deterrence and prevention
How do you decontaminate a person with lead poisoning? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨-Xray of GI tract to
see of lead is there. if it is, they flush it out to stop absorption
when to use Chelation therapy for lead poisoning - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨--45-69 mcg/dL outpatient
therapy with oral succorer and parenteral disodium calcium edetate
->70 Hospitalization with dimercaprol and disodium calcium EDTA
-Monitor urinary output (possibly on 24 hour urine collection)
What do patients who have lead poisoning need in their diet? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨-Adequate
calcium, iron, and vitamin C
Chelation drugs - CORRECT ANSWER✔✨-1.Edetate calcium disodium (CaNA2EDTA)
2.Succimer (Chemet)
3.Dimercaprol (BAL in Oil)
