BIO 235 EXAM #3 ATHABASCA UNIVERSITY
COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE WITH HIGH-YIELD
PRACTICE QUESTIONS, DETAILED ANSWER
EXPLANATIONS AND RATIONALES, ADVANCED
BIOLOGICAL CONCEPT REVIEW, APPLICATION-
BASED LEARNING EXERCISES, TEST-TAKING
STRATEGIES, AND COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
PREPARATION TOOLS – 2026/2027 LATEST
UPDATED EDITION
Trypsin - ANSWER-digests proteins into peptides. Acts on inactive
processors to produce chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase and elastase
Secretin - ANSWER-Stimulates the flow of pancreatic juice rich in
bicarbonate. inhibits secretion of gastric juice, enhances effects of CCK
and promotes normal growth of pancreas. Buffering ion acid in chyme
Inhibin - ANSWER-Inhibits FSH secretion by anterior pituitary. Secreted
by granulose cells of growing follicles and the corpus lute after
ovulation
Aldosterone - ANSWER-increases reabsorption of Na and water by the
kidneys. this water reabsorption increases total blood volume and
increases blood pressure
,Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - ANSWER-is releases in response to
dehydration or decreased blood volume. Causes vasoconstriction which
increases blood pressure.
Promotes movement of water from lumen of kidney tubules into the
bloodstream
enhances water reabsorption by kidneys
Angiotensin II - ANSWER-Raises blood pressure by increasing
systemic vascular resistance potent vasoconstricter stimulates
secretion of aldosterone
Thrombin - ANSWER-converts soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin
which forms the threads of the clot
Lingual Lipase - ANSWER-acts on as much as 30% of the dietary
triglycerides and converts them to simpler fatty acids and diglycerides.
Becomes activated in the acidic environment of the stomach thus starts
working after food has been swallowed
Salivary Amylase - ANSWER-A digestive enzyme that acts on starch
activated by chloride ions in saliva
breaks start down into maltose, maltatroise and a-dextrin continues to
break down food after it has been swallowed for about an hour
,Basophil - ANSWER-release granules that contain heparin,
histamine and serotonin which all intensify inflammatory
reactions and are involved in allergic reactions similar function
as mast cells
.5-1% of all WBC
Neutrophils - ANSWER-release several chemicals to destroy a pathogen
contain defensins which poke holes in microbe membranes
Participate in destruction of bacteria
Phagocytosis
60-70% of all WBC
Monocyte - ANSWER-Arrive in larger numbers and destroy more
microbes. Once arriving they enlarge and differentiate into wandering
macrophages, which clean up cellular debris and microbes by
phagocytosis after an infection
3-8% of all WBC
Eosinophil - ANSWER-Believed to release enzymes such as histaminase
that combat the effects of histamine and other substances involved in
inflammation during allergic reactions phagocytize antigen-antibody
complexes and are effective against parasitic worms
2-4% of all WBC
, Plasma proteins - ANSWER-Albumins
Globulins
Fibrinogen
GnRH - ANSWER-stimulates gonadotrophs in the anterior pituitary to
increase secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating
hormone (FSH)
Controls the ovarian uterine cycles
Blastomere - ANSWER-the progressively smaller cells produced by
cleavage
P Wave - ANSWER-a small upward deflection. Represents atrial
depolarization which spreads from the SA node through contractile
fibres in both atria
QRS complex - ANSWER-a downward deflection, continues as a large
upright, triangular wave, ends as a downward wave.
represents rapid ventricular depolarization
T wave - ANSWER-A dome-shaped upward deflection ventricular
depolarization and occurs as the ventricles are starting to relax.
Smaller QRE complex causes depolarization occurs more slowly than
depolarization
COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE WITH HIGH-YIELD
PRACTICE QUESTIONS, DETAILED ANSWER
EXPLANATIONS AND RATIONALES, ADVANCED
BIOLOGICAL CONCEPT REVIEW, APPLICATION-
BASED LEARNING EXERCISES, TEST-TAKING
STRATEGIES, AND COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
PREPARATION TOOLS – 2026/2027 LATEST
UPDATED EDITION
Trypsin - ANSWER-digests proteins into peptides. Acts on inactive
processors to produce chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase and elastase
Secretin - ANSWER-Stimulates the flow of pancreatic juice rich in
bicarbonate. inhibits secretion of gastric juice, enhances effects of CCK
and promotes normal growth of pancreas. Buffering ion acid in chyme
Inhibin - ANSWER-Inhibits FSH secretion by anterior pituitary. Secreted
by granulose cells of growing follicles and the corpus lute after
ovulation
Aldosterone - ANSWER-increases reabsorption of Na and water by the
kidneys. this water reabsorption increases total blood volume and
increases blood pressure
,Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - ANSWER-is releases in response to
dehydration or decreased blood volume. Causes vasoconstriction which
increases blood pressure.
Promotes movement of water from lumen of kidney tubules into the
bloodstream
enhances water reabsorption by kidneys
Angiotensin II - ANSWER-Raises blood pressure by increasing
systemic vascular resistance potent vasoconstricter stimulates
secretion of aldosterone
Thrombin - ANSWER-converts soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin
which forms the threads of the clot
Lingual Lipase - ANSWER-acts on as much as 30% of the dietary
triglycerides and converts them to simpler fatty acids and diglycerides.
Becomes activated in the acidic environment of the stomach thus starts
working after food has been swallowed
Salivary Amylase - ANSWER-A digestive enzyme that acts on starch
activated by chloride ions in saliva
breaks start down into maltose, maltatroise and a-dextrin continues to
break down food after it has been swallowed for about an hour
,Basophil - ANSWER-release granules that contain heparin,
histamine and serotonin which all intensify inflammatory
reactions and are involved in allergic reactions similar function
as mast cells
.5-1% of all WBC
Neutrophils - ANSWER-release several chemicals to destroy a pathogen
contain defensins which poke holes in microbe membranes
Participate in destruction of bacteria
Phagocytosis
60-70% of all WBC
Monocyte - ANSWER-Arrive in larger numbers and destroy more
microbes. Once arriving they enlarge and differentiate into wandering
macrophages, which clean up cellular debris and microbes by
phagocytosis after an infection
3-8% of all WBC
Eosinophil - ANSWER-Believed to release enzymes such as histaminase
that combat the effects of histamine and other substances involved in
inflammation during allergic reactions phagocytize antigen-antibody
complexes and are effective against parasitic worms
2-4% of all WBC
, Plasma proteins - ANSWER-Albumins
Globulins
Fibrinogen
GnRH - ANSWER-stimulates gonadotrophs in the anterior pituitary to
increase secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating
hormone (FSH)
Controls the ovarian uterine cycles
Blastomere - ANSWER-the progressively smaller cells produced by
cleavage
P Wave - ANSWER-a small upward deflection. Represents atrial
depolarization which spreads from the SA node through contractile
fibres in both atria
QRS complex - ANSWER-a downward deflection, continues as a large
upright, triangular wave, ends as a downward wave.
represents rapid ventricular depolarization
T wave - ANSWER-A dome-shaped upward deflection ventricular
depolarization and occurs as the ventricles are starting to relax.
Smaller QRE complex causes depolarization occurs more slowly than
depolarization
