SCI 225 LATEST
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MIDTERM EXAM
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 -2027
A 3-year-old Black child with a history of sickle cell disease and is now
diagnosed with meningitis. Which is the most likely microorganism the
nurse will find on the lab report? (Q) - ANSWERS-Streptococcus
pneumonia
A nurse is preparing to teach about brain tumors. Which information
should the nurse include? The most common type of brain tumor in
children is? - ANSWERS-Astrocytoma
A child is diagnosed with cerebral palsy, characterized by extreme
difficulty in fine motor coordination and purposeful movement. Which
of the following type of cerebral palsy is the child experiencing? -
ANSWERS-Dystonic
Which term is used to document a hernial protrusion of a sac-like cyst
through a defect in the posterior arch of a vertabra? - ANSWERS-
Myelomeningocele
END OF
PAGE
1
, SCI 225 LATEST
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MIDTERM EXAM
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 -2027
What is the most common location of brain tumors in children? -
ANSWERS-In the posterior Fossa
A patient with combined immune deficiency lacks? - ANSWERS-T and
B lymphocytes
Among the many innate defenses the body has to pathogens, the first
line of defense is the? - ANSWERS-Skin and mucous membrances
If a patient has liquefactive necrosis, which organ should the nurse
assess first? (NC) ** - ANSWERS-Brain
The eukaryotic cell consists of three general components: - ANSWERS-
the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, and the intracellular organelles
Genes, the basic units of inheritance, are composed of: - ANSWERS-
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
END OF
PAGE
2
, SCI 225 LATEST
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MIDTERM EXAM
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 -2027
An inherited alteration of genetic material is called? - ANSWERS-a
mutation
The reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another less
mature cell type is called? - ANSWERS-Metaplasia
A problem of fluid distribution that results in accumulation of fluid
within the interstitial spaces: - ANSWERS-Edema
Waterbalance is regulated by? - ANSWERS-Sensation of thirst and by
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
What is regulated by the kidney, by aldosterone and insulin secretion,
and by changes in pH? - ANSWERS-Potassium balance
The second line of defense is? - ANSWERS-inflammatory response
END OF
PAGE
3
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MIDTERM EXAM
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 -2027
A 3-year-old Black child with a history of sickle cell disease and is now
diagnosed with meningitis. Which is the most likely microorganism the
nurse will find on the lab report? (Q) - ANSWERS-Streptococcus
pneumonia
A nurse is preparing to teach about brain tumors. Which information
should the nurse include? The most common type of brain tumor in
children is? - ANSWERS-Astrocytoma
A child is diagnosed with cerebral palsy, characterized by extreme
difficulty in fine motor coordination and purposeful movement. Which
of the following type of cerebral palsy is the child experiencing? -
ANSWERS-Dystonic
Which term is used to document a hernial protrusion of a sac-like cyst
through a defect in the posterior arch of a vertabra? - ANSWERS-
Myelomeningocele
END OF
PAGE
1
, SCI 225 LATEST
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MIDTERM EXAM
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 -2027
What is the most common location of brain tumors in children? -
ANSWERS-In the posterior Fossa
A patient with combined immune deficiency lacks? - ANSWERS-T and
B lymphocytes
Among the many innate defenses the body has to pathogens, the first
line of defense is the? - ANSWERS-Skin and mucous membrances
If a patient has liquefactive necrosis, which organ should the nurse
assess first? (NC) ** - ANSWERS-Brain
The eukaryotic cell consists of three general components: - ANSWERS-
the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, and the intracellular organelles
Genes, the basic units of inheritance, are composed of: - ANSWERS-
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
END OF
PAGE
2
, SCI 225 LATEST
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MIDTERM EXAM
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 -2027
An inherited alteration of genetic material is called? - ANSWERS-a
mutation
The reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another less
mature cell type is called? - ANSWERS-Metaplasia
A problem of fluid distribution that results in accumulation of fluid
within the interstitial spaces: - ANSWERS-Edema
Waterbalance is regulated by? - ANSWERS-Sensation of thirst and by
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
What is regulated by the kidney, by aldosterone and insulin secretion,
and by changes in pH? - ANSWERS-Potassium balance
The second line of defense is? - ANSWERS-inflammatory response
END OF
PAGE
3
