Reasons why NA lost land/ destruction of their societies/ greater
impact/consequences on NA/ no peace/
Ranking Important for NA losing lands/ It’s importance was LIMITED in NA losing their
destruction lands because …
NA division - tribes had grown used to - Tecumseh confederation united the NA
fighting against each other on to a greater extent than any other form
the Plains rather than of resistance in the 19th century.
cooperating. - Tecumseh’s initial success in the
- Some tribes like Crow and northwest in uniting Native Americans.
Pawnee fought with the US - Tecumseh successful leadership with
army against the Sioux. whites and NA.
- Tecumseh’s confederation - Good decision of Tecumseh to fight on
1811: Shawnee leader tried to British side for 1812 war.
unite NA and organise a - There was independent resistance not
confederation of tribes to resist united one with some successes.
the white settlers and protect
ancestral land but failed as
Shawnee main settlement
destroyed so moved to fight for
British Canadian troops and
died in battle -> last attempt to
unite the NA against the white
settlers.
Dawes Act 1887 and Americanisation - 1877 Dawes Act split up - For some NA the conditions on the
reservation land into allotments reservations improved due to the act
of 160 acres and had to live on - 5 civilised tribes not affected
it for 25 years to gain - Resistance from the NA with the Ghost
citizenship Dance movement
- 1,500 Nez Perce to 30,000 - 25 years - time to adapt to the
whites conditions
- 1865 from 250,000 NA on Great - Curtis Act 1898 – imposes the Dawes act
Plains to 30,000 on the Great onto the 5 civilised tribes so now on all
Plains tribes
- Selling off of excess land =
significant losses of NA land.
- Many NA sold land for less than
it was worth and they often
went into debt as they didn’t
know how to deal with money
- Took away their support
systems and tribal systems
turned them into individuals
- Ignored NA belief that land
couldn’t be owned by
individuals.
- Lacked skills to farmland so sold
it
- Due to the failure of the Dawes
Act – many NA still had to rely
on rations from gov which
undermined the entire aim of
the act.
- Americanisation direct assault
on NA culture and way of life:
conversion to Christianity,
turned them into farmers,
couldn’t demonstrate their skills
as warriors, tribal laws
banished, communal living
ended.
- By 1934, 90 million acres of
land lost
- Only violence we see after is
Wounded Knee
Indian Removal Act 1830 - Edwin James: ‘The scarcity of - Kept the tribal structure with treaties still
90 million vs 22 million acres lost! wood and water will prove an being signed and the NA seen as a
impossible obstacle in the way nation
of settling the country.’ – land - The 2nd Indian appropriations act was still
seen as inhospitable needed which made them wards of the
- Physically removed the NA from state
ancestral lands - population.
- Resulted in 94 treaties being - Only affected the 5 civilised tribes not
signed whole
- Gave Jackson funds and power
to forcefully move the NA west
who were seen as an obstacle
to WE
- Resulted in Georgian leaders
pressurising tribes by declaring
land titles invalid, banning them
from testifying against white
settlers, forbade them from
impact/consequences on NA/ no peace/
Ranking Important for NA losing lands/ It’s importance was LIMITED in NA losing their
destruction lands because …
NA division - tribes had grown used to - Tecumseh confederation united the NA
fighting against each other on to a greater extent than any other form
the Plains rather than of resistance in the 19th century.
cooperating. - Tecumseh’s initial success in the
- Some tribes like Crow and northwest in uniting Native Americans.
Pawnee fought with the US - Tecumseh successful leadership with
army against the Sioux. whites and NA.
- Tecumseh’s confederation - Good decision of Tecumseh to fight on
1811: Shawnee leader tried to British side for 1812 war.
unite NA and organise a - There was independent resistance not
confederation of tribes to resist united one with some successes.
the white settlers and protect
ancestral land but failed as
Shawnee main settlement
destroyed so moved to fight for
British Canadian troops and
died in battle -> last attempt to
unite the NA against the white
settlers.
Dawes Act 1887 and Americanisation - 1877 Dawes Act split up - For some NA the conditions on the
reservation land into allotments reservations improved due to the act
of 160 acres and had to live on - 5 civilised tribes not affected
it for 25 years to gain - Resistance from the NA with the Ghost
citizenship Dance movement
- 1,500 Nez Perce to 30,000 - 25 years - time to adapt to the
whites conditions
- 1865 from 250,000 NA on Great - Curtis Act 1898 – imposes the Dawes act
Plains to 30,000 on the Great onto the 5 civilised tribes so now on all
Plains tribes
- Selling off of excess land =
significant losses of NA land.
- Many NA sold land for less than
it was worth and they often
went into debt as they didn’t
know how to deal with money
- Took away their support
systems and tribal systems
turned them into individuals
- Ignored NA belief that land
couldn’t be owned by
individuals.
- Lacked skills to farmland so sold
it
- Due to the failure of the Dawes
Act – many NA still had to rely
on rations from gov which
undermined the entire aim of
the act.
- Americanisation direct assault
on NA culture and way of life:
conversion to Christianity,
turned them into farmers,
couldn’t demonstrate their skills
as warriors, tribal laws
banished, communal living
ended.
- By 1934, 90 million acres of
land lost
- Only violence we see after is
Wounded Knee
Indian Removal Act 1830 - Edwin James: ‘The scarcity of - Kept the tribal structure with treaties still
90 million vs 22 million acres lost! wood and water will prove an being signed and the NA seen as a
impossible obstacle in the way nation
of settling the country.’ – land - The 2nd Indian appropriations act was still
seen as inhospitable needed which made them wards of the
- Physically removed the NA from state
ancestral lands - population.
- Resulted in 94 treaties being - Only affected the 5 civilised tribes not
signed whole
- Gave Jackson funds and power
to forcefully move the NA west
who were seen as an obstacle
to WE
- Resulted in Georgian leaders
pressurising tribes by declaring
land titles invalid, banning them
from testifying against white
settlers, forbade them from
