HCB TEST 4 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WELL ELABORATED

ventilate and oxygenate the remaining body systems and tissues - correct answers what is the purpose of the respiratory system? passageway by which air enters and leaves the body. - correct answers airway the amount of air that reaches the alveoli - correct answers alveolar ventilation forcing air or oxygen into the lungs when a patient has stopped breathing or has inadequate breathing (positive pressure ventilation) - correct answers artificial ventilation no breathing - correct answers apnea exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells and circulating blood - correct answers cellular respiration bronchoconstriction - correct answers contraction of smooth muscle that lines the bronchial passages that results in a decreased internal diameter of the airway and increased resistance to airflow blush color of the skin due to insufficient oxygen levels in the blood - correct answers cyanosis process by which molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration - correct answers diffusion difficult or labored breathing; shortness of breath - correct answers dyspnea fracture of two or more adjacent ribs in two or more places that allows for free movement of the fractured segment - correct answers flail chest valve that indicated the flow of oxygen reaching the tissues of the body - correct answers flowmeter deficiency of oxygen reaching the tissues of the body - correct answers hypoxia situated or extending between the ribs - correct answers intercostal flexible breathing tube inserted through the patient's nostril into the pharynx to help maintain an open airway - correct answers nasopharyngeal airway curved device inserted through the patient's mouth into the pharynx to help maintain an open airway - correct answers oropharyngeal airway movement of ribs in flail segment that is opposite to the direction of movement of the rest of the chest cavity - correct answers paradoxical motion device connected to an oxygen cylinder to reduce pressure, so it is safe for delivery of oxygen to a patient - correct answers pressure regulator exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and circulating blood in the pulmonary capillaries - correct answers pulmonary respiration airway that is open and clear and will remain open and clear without interference - correct answers patent airway when breathing stops completely - correct answers respiratory arrest increased work of breathing; a sensation of shortness of breath (doesn't need ventilation) - correct answers respiratory distress reduction of breathing to the point where oxygen intake is not sufficient enough to support life (needs ventilation) - correct answers respiratory failure pulling in the skin and soft tissue between the ribs when breathing - correct answers retractions oropharynx, nasopharynx, laryngopharynx - correct answers what are the three regions of the pharynx? where the oral cavity joins the pharynx - correct answers oropharynx where the nasal passages empty into the pharynx - correct answers nasopharynx air enters the body through the mouth and nose. posterior and inferior to the mouth and nasal passages, air enters the pharynx - correct answers what is the movement of air in the upper airway? glottis opening - correct answers what is the entry point into the larynx called? large leaf-like structure that protects the glottis to prevent food and foreign objects from entering the trachea - correct answers epiglottis begins below the larynx and is composed of the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and the alveoli - correct answers lower airway cartilage and smooth muscles - correct answers all air passages are supported by what and lined with what? structures surrounding the entrance to the trachea; divides upper airway and lower airway - correct answers laryngopharynx allows the bronchioles to change their diameter in response to specific stimulation - correct answers what does smooth muscle do? bronchioles - correct answers the bronchi branch further into smaller and smaller air passages called what? small sacs within the lungs where gas exchange takes place with the bloodstream across the alveolar-capillary membrane - correct answers what are alveoli? divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity and helps a person inhale and exhale - correct answers What does the diaphragm do? tube protected by 16 rings of cartilage - correct answers trachea pharynx, trachea, suprasternal notch, costal angle, vertebra prominence, clavicles, xyphoid process, intercostal spaces, mid-sternal line, right and left mid-clavicular lines, right and left anterior axillary lines, right and left mid-axillary lines, right and left posterior axillary lines, and right and left scapular lines - correct answers what are the important landmarks of the respiratory system? at the carina, two mainstream bronchi - correct answers where does the trachea branch off into two mainstream bronchi? what does it form? is the patient's airway open, clear, and secure? - correct answers what three questions to consider during your primary assessment? high pitched sound generated from partially obstructed airflow - correct answers stridor bolt upright position with their head pitched forward as if the were attempting to smell something - correct answers what is the "sniffling position"? head tilt chin lift or jaw thrust maneuver - correct answers what are the two ways to open the airway? IV acess, supplemental oxygen, cardiac monitor - correct answers how do you treat pneumonia pneumothorax - correct answers what is it known as when air or gas is found in the pleural cavity? tension pneumothorax - correct answers what is it known as when air is continuosly leakking air into the pleural space increasing the pressire in the due to a puncture in the lungs accumilation of blood around lungs, lungs may collapse, due to a blunt / penetrating cheset trauma - correct answers what is hemothorax and how is it caused? pneumothorax, due to atraumatic rupture of alveolus - correct answers what is the medical term for the presence of free air in the intraplueural space? what is the cause ? pulse oxi, 100% oxygen ( non- rebreather face mask, iv access, tension pneumothorax ( needle ) - correct answers what is the treatment for pneumothorax? 14 gauge, 3.25 inches, 1) between 2nd and 3rd rib, 2) 4th or 5th - correct answers what is the needlt used for tension pneumothorax ? what ribs should the first and second alternate inscision be in? to open the airway of an unconscious patient with suspected head, neck, or spine injury or unknown MOI - correct answers when is the jaw thrust maneuver used? irritation, tripod position, drooling, stridor, apnea - correct answers what are signs of an obstructed upper airway? do not tilt or rotate the patient's head - correct answers what do you not do during a jaw thrust maneuver? position for comfort, head tilt chin lift/ jaw thrust, heimlich maneuver, pulse oxi, 100% O2, cryc - correct answers how do you treat obstructed upper airway? large objects such as teeth, food, or other foreign objects - correct answers what kind of objects must be removed manually from the airway? high levels of carbon dioxide - correct answers hypercapnia suctioning devices - correct answers what method would you use to clear of foreign materials such as bleeding, vommiting? O2 levels below 95%, in children retractions above the clavicle and between ribs, inspirations and expirations are prolonged, nasal flaring present - correct answers what are some signs of inadiquet breathing? tubing, suction tips, suction catheters, collection container, container of clean or sterile water - correct answers what does each suction unit require? trapped in fire, patient overdose, heart attack, stroke, shock - correct answers what are some causes of hypoxia 30 liters per minute at the open end of a collection tube - correct answers how much air intake much suction devices have? mouth to mask ventilation, BVM bag valve mask - correct answers what are ways of providing artificial ventilations ? 300 mmHG - correct answers suction devices will reach 30 liters per minutes at the open end when the system generates no less than ___ when tube is clamped. 100% - correct answers systems with a oxygen resiviour provides nearly _____ % O2 Yankauer tip - correct answers what is the rigid pharyngeal tip suction catheter called? oxygen administration - correct answers what is the most important and beneficial treatment a corpsman can provide for repiratory problems? a number "French" and the larger the number, the larger the catheter - correct answers suction catheters are identified by? 350 Liters of oxygen - correct answers what is the Liters of oxygen for a D cylinder no longer than 10 seconds at a time - correct answers how long should you suction for? 625 Liters of oxygen - correct answers what is the liters of oxygen for a E cylinder recovery position, on the way out of the mouth - correct answers what position is the best to suction the airway from? when do you want to begin suctioning? 3000 liters of oxygen - correct answers what is the liters of oxygen for a M cylinder Oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airways. - correct answers what are the two most common airway adjuncts? 5300 liters of oxygen - correct answers what is the liters of oxygen for a G cylinder corner of the mouth to the tip of the earlobe, center of the patients mouth to the angle of the lower jaw bone - correct answers how do you measure for an oropharyngeal adjunct? what is an alternative measument technique? 6900 liters of oxygen - correct answers what is the liters of oxygen for a H cylinder cross-finger technique - correct answers when inserting an oropharyngeal airway, what technique do you use to open the mouth? before cylinder reaches 200psi - correct answers when should you switch cylinders to a fresh one? reduced level of responisveness but still has gag reflex, tip of nose to bottom of ear - correct answers when do you use a nasopharyngeal? how do you measure a nasopharyngeal airway? nonferrous oxygen wrench - correct answers what kind of wrenches are used to adjust flow rates? cerebrospinal fluid coming from the nose or ears which could indicate a skull fracture - correct answers when do you not use a nasopharyngeal airway? OXYGENU.S.P., no more than 5 years - correct answers what is the medical grade oxygen labeled ? what is the experation on cylinders? 10 mL - correct answers how much do you inflate the Melker cannula in the cric? 30 -70 psi - correct answers what is a safe working PSI should a pressure regulator put in the oxygen cylinder? air is moved into and out of the chest - correct answers ventilation yoke assembly, thread outlet - correct answers how is the pressure regulator diffrent in sizes smaller than E - cylinder and larger than a E - cylinder muscles of the rib cage and diaphragm contract - correct answers inhalation humidifier - correct answers what can be connected to the flowmete r to provide moisture to the dry oxygen coming from the supply cylinder negative pressure which pulls air into the lungs - correct answers what kind of pressure is created when you inhale? nonrebreather and nasal cannula - correct answers what is the most common use a corpsman uses to provide supplementary oxygen? when intercostal muscles and the diaphragm relax - correct answers exhalation deliver high concentrations of O2 to a breahing patient - correct answers what is the purpose of the nonrebreather? chest decreases creating positive pressure that pushes air out of the lungs - correct answers what kind of pressure is created when you exhale? 80 -100 % - correct answers what is the consentration of a nonrebreather mask? amount of air moved in one breath, measured in mL - correct answers tidal volume 8 liters, 12-15 liters per minute - correct answers what is the minimum and maximum flow rate of a nonrebreather amount of air moved into and out of the lungs per minute - correct answers minute volume hypoxia, short of breath, chest pain, altered mental status - correct answers use a nonrebreather on patients who have signs of __. circulatory system (cardiopulmonary system) - correct answers what system works in conjunction with the respiratory system? low concentration of O2 (22 -44 %) - correct answers nasal cannula provides what kkind of concentration? ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) match - correct answers what is it referred to when these two systems work together? cannot tolerate a nonrebreather mask - correct answers the nasal cannula should be used when a patient ___. if the chest cannot create the necessary pressure changes, air cannot be moved in and out of the lungs - correct answers mechanics of breathing disrupted 4-6 liters per minute - correct answers a nasal cannula should administer ___ liters of o2 per minute 1. stabbed in the chest 2. loses nervous control of respiration 3. sustains painful chest all injuries 4. has airway problem such as bronchoconstriction - correct answers what can cause breathing to be disrupted? partial rebreather mask - correct answers this device is simular to a nonrebreatherr mask but it it has no one way valve 1. low oxygen levels in the outside air such as in a confined space rescue situations 2. diffusion problems - correct answers gas exchange interrupted rebreathe about 1/3 of his exhaled air - correct answers the partial rebreather mask allows the patient to do what? prevent the blood from carrying enough oxygen to the body's cells; not enough blood or hemoglobin problems - correct answers circulation issues perserved CO2 levels in their blood in order to stimulate breathing - correct answers partial rebreather masks are used to keep a patients ______. excessive carbon dioxide in the blood - correct answers hypercapnia 40-60 %, 9-10 liters per minute - correct answers what is the ranges of oxygen given in partial rebreathing masks? detect increasing levels of carbon dioxide as well as low levels of oxygen - correct answers Chemoreceptors venturi mask - correct answers this mask delivers specific concentrations of O2 by mixing oxygen with inhaled air carbon dioxide levels increase and hypoxia occurs which results in increased heart rate and blood vessel constriction to move more blood - correct answers what happens when the cardiopulmonary system cannot keep up with the body's current demands? coughing - correct answers what is the most common symptom of respiratory problems? nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs - correct answers what does the airway consist of onset, characteristic, pattern, severity, associated sumptoms, efforts to treat - correct answers how do you find the symptoms of a problem / sign? epiglottis - correct answers what protective flap closes over the glottis to prevent food and foriegn objects from entering the trachea sputum - correct answers this is generally associated with a cough and in more than small amounts always suggests the presence of disease what am I? thyroid cartilage - correct answers what cartilage protects the front of the larynx and forms the adams apple? pain / discomfort, cough, diaphoresis, ankle edema - correct answers what is assosciated symptoms with dyspnea cricoid cartilage - correct answers what cartilage forms the lower aspect of the larynx and provides structure to the superior trachea? oxygen - correct answers how do you treat dyspnea board unit - correct answers what is a vehicle mounted suction device called? shallow breathing, fever, coughing, pain pressing on wall, ect. - correct answers what are some symptoms of chest pain that is associated with respitory problems? flexible catheter - correct answers what is designed to be used wwhen a rigid tip suction cannot be used? heat, splinting, pain medication - correct answers how do you treat chest pain that is associated with repiratory problems get smaller and smaller ending at alveoli where gas is exchanged to and from the bloodstream - correct answers As you inhale air passages tend to do what? 20 breaths per minute, deep bbreathing - correct answers what is the hyperventilation range mv = Tidal volume x respiratory rate - correct answers how is minute volume calculated intensity, pitch, duration, qualtiy - correct answers how are breath sounds characterized? process of inhaling and exhaling vs. the exchange of gases - correct answers what is the diffrence between ventilation and respiration vesiculat, brocho vesicular, bronchial - correct answers how is breath dounds classified? exchange of gases between alvoili and blood vs. exchange between blood and cells - correct answers what is external respiration vs. internal respiration small ariway obstruction due to inflammation and hyperactive airways - correct answers what is asthma tachypnea, coughing with wheezing on exhaling and inhaling, tachycardia, dyspnea, leaning over, cant speak full sentence, diaphoresis - correct answers what are some signs/ symptoms of asthma suplemental asthma, epiephrine - correct answers what is treatment for asthma acute broncitis is inflammation of the bronchi - correct answers what is bronchitis increased mucus secretions - correct answers what does inflamed bronchial tubes lead to? an infections - correct answers what does acute bronchitis caused from irritant exposure - correct answers what is chronic bronchitis due to? Acute bronchitis accompannied by fever, chronic brochitis producing a cough - correct answers URTI ( upper respiratory tract infection) symptoms give O2, position pt in comfortable position - correct answers how to treat bronchitis tachypenea, tchycardia, hypoxia, fever, decreased breath sound - correct answers what are sogns of pneumonia?