CAMPBELL BIOLOGY 9TH AP CHAPTERS 1–56
FLASHCARDS AND HIGH-YIELD TOPICS 2026
◉ Problem. Answer: A question proposed for solution
◉ Hypothesis. Answer: a supposition or proposed explanation made
on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further
investigation
◉ Conclusion. Answer: a judgment or decision reached by reasoning
◉ Theory. Answer: a supposition or a system of ideas intended to
explain something
◉ Data. Answer: facts and statistics collected together for reference
or analysis
◉ Biology. Answer: the study of living organisms
◉ Atom. Answer: the basic unit of a chemical element
,◉ Element. Answer: A substance that cannot be decomposed into
simpler substances by chemical means
◉ Atomic Structure. Answer: Protons and neutrons in the nucleus,
electrons circle around outside
◉ Isotopes. Answer: radioactive form of an element
◉ Compounds. Answer: a thing that is composed of two or more
separate elements
◉ Structure of Water. Answer: H2O
◉ Covalent Bonds. Answer: a chemical bond that involves the
sharing of electron pairs between atoms
◉ pH. Answer: measure of how acidic/basic water is
◉ Acids and Bases. Answer: pH less than 7 is acidic
pH higher than 7 is basic
7 is neutral
, ◉ Monomer. Answer: a molecule that can be bonded to other
identical molecules to form a polymer
◉ Polymer. Answer: a large molecule composed of many repeated
subunits
◉ Macromolecules. Answer: Carbohydrates: monosaccharrides;
store energy
Nucleic Acids: nucleotides; store & transmit genetic information
Proteins: amino acids; provide structure, protein channel in cell
membrane
Lipids: glycerol head & fatty acid tail; store energy, hormones &
vitamins, waterproof coating for plants
◉ Biosphere. Answer: the regions of the surface, atmosphere, and
hydrosphere of the earth occupied by living organisms
◉ Species. Answer: the largest group of organisms in which two
individuals are capable of reproducing fertile offspring
◉ Population. Answer: all the inhabitants of a particular area that
are the same species
FLASHCARDS AND HIGH-YIELD TOPICS 2026
◉ Problem. Answer: A question proposed for solution
◉ Hypothesis. Answer: a supposition or proposed explanation made
on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further
investigation
◉ Conclusion. Answer: a judgment or decision reached by reasoning
◉ Theory. Answer: a supposition or a system of ideas intended to
explain something
◉ Data. Answer: facts and statistics collected together for reference
or analysis
◉ Biology. Answer: the study of living organisms
◉ Atom. Answer: the basic unit of a chemical element
,◉ Element. Answer: A substance that cannot be decomposed into
simpler substances by chemical means
◉ Atomic Structure. Answer: Protons and neutrons in the nucleus,
electrons circle around outside
◉ Isotopes. Answer: radioactive form of an element
◉ Compounds. Answer: a thing that is composed of two or more
separate elements
◉ Structure of Water. Answer: H2O
◉ Covalent Bonds. Answer: a chemical bond that involves the
sharing of electron pairs between atoms
◉ pH. Answer: measure of how acidic/basic water is
◉ Acids and Bases. Answer: pH less than 7 is acidic
pH higher than 7 is basic
7 is neutral
, ◉ Monomer. Answer: a molecule that can be bonded to other
identical molecules to form a polymer
◉ Polymer. Answer: a large molecule composed of many repeated
subunits
◉ Macromolecules. Answer: Carbohydrates: monosaccharrides;
store energy
Nucleic Acids: nucleotides; store & transmit genetic information
Proteins: amino acids; provide structure, protein channel in cell
membrane
Lipids: glycerol head & fatty acid tail; store energy, hormones &
vitamins, waterproof coating for plants
◉ Biosphere. Answer: the regions of the surface, atmosphere, and
hydrosphere of the earth occupied by living organisms
◉ Species. Answer: the largest group of organisms in which two
individuals are capable of reproducing fertile offspring
◉ Population. Answer: all the inhabitants of a particular area that
are the same species
