HOAG ECG PRACTICE EXAM 2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION SET
●● Normal electrical pathway
Answer: SA node, AV node, bundle of His, right/left bundle branch, and
Purkinje fibers
●● Final result of this electrical pathway?
Answer: Ventricular contraction
●● If the SA node is damaged...
Answer: the AV node will fire at a rate of 40-60 BPM
●● If the AV node is damaged...
Answer: the Purkinje fibers will fire at a rate of 20-40 BPM
●● Normal blood flow thru the heart
Answer: see photo
●● Electrical activity, atrial/ventricular contraction are all...
Answer: Interconnected
,●● If the electrical pathway is altered or impaired (Afib, VTach)....
Answer: The blood flow pathway is also affected & vise versa
●● Depolarization
Answer: Contraction (systole)
●● Repolarization
Answer: Relaxation (diastole)
●● What does the P wave represent?
Answer: Contraction of the atrium or depolarization
●● What does the QRS complex represent?
Answer: Contraction of the ventricle or depolarization
●● The Q wave is the first...
Answer: negative deflection after the P wave
●● The R wave is the first...
Answer: positive deflection after the P wave
, ●● The S wave is the first...
Answer: negative deflection after the R wave
●● Normal QRS interval
Answer: 0.04-0.12 sec (1-3 squares)
●● What does the T wave represent?
Answer: ventricular repolarization or relaxation
●● How is the PR interval measured?
Answer: from the beginning of the P wave to the beginning of the QRS
complex
●● Normal PR interval
Answer: 0.12-0.20 (3-5 squares)
●● What segment is not measured?
Answer: The ST segment
●● What should be evaluated of the ST segment to identify pathologic
conditions? (elevated or depressed?
Answer: The shape and location
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION SET
●● Normal electrical pathway
Answer: SA node, AV node, bundle of His, right/left bundle branch, and
Purkinje fibers
●● Final result of this electrical pathway?
Answer: Ventricular contraction
●● If the SA node is damaged...
Answer: the AV node will fire at a rate of 40-60 BPM
●● If the AV node is damaged...
Answer: the Purkinje fibers will fire at a rate of 20-40 BPM
●● Normal blood flow thru the heart
Answer: see photo
●● Electrical activity, atrial/ventricular contraction are all...
Answer: Interconnected
,●● If the electrical pathway is altered or impaired (Afib, VTach)....
Answer: The blood flow pathway is also affected & vise versa
●● Depolarization
Answer: Contraction (systole)
●● Repolarization
Answer: Relaxation (diastole)
●● What does the P wave represent?
Answer: Contraction of the atrium or depolarization
●● What does the QRS complex represent?
Answer: Contraction of the ventricle or depolarization
●● The Q wave is the first...
Answer: negative deflection after the P wave
●● The R wave is the first...
Answer: positive deflection after the P wave
, ●● The S wave is the first...
Answer: negative deflection after the R wave
●● Normal QRS interval
Answer: 0.04-0.12 sec (1-3 squares)
●● What does the T wave represent?
Answer: ventricular repolarization or relaxation
●● How is the PR interval measured?
Answer: from the beginning of the P wave to the beginning of the QRS
complex
●● Normal PR interval
Answer: 0.12-0.20 (3-5 squares)
●● What segment is not measured?
Answer: The ST segment
●● What should be evaluated of the ST segment to identify pathologic
conditions? (elevated or depressed?
Answer: The shape and location
