BSC 1005 EXAM 3 2026 EXAM PREPARATION
PACK KEY GENETICS EVOLUTION AND
ECOLOGY CONCEPTS WITH SAMPLE
QUESTIONS
◉ Incomplete dominance. Answer: In heterozygous condition, when
both alleles have certain effect on the phenotype.
◉ Codominance. Answer: in a heterozygous condition, phenotypes
of both alleles are expressed at the same time.
◉ Pleiotropy. Answer: the ability of a gene to affect an organism in
many ways.
◉ Sickle cell anemia. Answer: Pleiotropy; deformed red blood cells,
can only carry half the amount of nutrients
◉ Cystic fibrosis. Answer: Pleiotropy; thick mucus
◉ Marfan syndrome. Answer: Pleiotropy; lack of elasticity in the
muscle cells.
, ◉ Epistasis. Answer: effect of many genes on the expression of one
trait aka polygenic inheritance; link to karyotype. Color is a result of
interactions among several gene products. Ex. human eye color
◉ continuous variation. Answer: an additive effect of two or more
genes on a single phenotype character. The traits occur in a range of
small differences. Environmental factors are involved.
◉ Multiple allele system. Answer: the expression of different
phenotypes due to the presence of multiple alleles.
◉ Universal donor. Answer: blood type O
◉ Universal acceptor. Answer: blood type AB
◉ Agglutination. Answer: ...
◉ RH blood typing is. Answer: independent of ABO types
◉ RH+ and RH-. Answer: have different alleles for the RH factor
inherited independently of the ABO blood type alleles; O+ is the
most common type; AB- is rare.
◉ Phenotypic ratio. Answer: dominant/recessive
PACK KEY GENETICS EVOLUTION AND
ECOLOGY CONCEPTS WITH SAMPLE
QUESTIONS
◉ Incomplete dominance. Answer: In heterozygous condition, when
both alleles have certain effect on the phenotype.
◉ Codominance. Answer: in a heterozygous condition, phenotypes
of both alleles are expressed at the same time.
◉ Pleiotropy. Answer: the ability of a gene to affect an organism in
many ways.
◉ Sickle cell anemia. Answer: Pleiotropy; deformed red blood cells,
can only carry half the amount of nutrients
◉ Cystic fibrosis. Answer: Pleiotropy; thick mucus
◉ Marfan syndrome. Answer: Pleiotropy; lack of elasticity in the
muscle cells.
, ◉ Epistasis. Answer: effect of many genes on the expression of one
trait aka polygenic inheritance; link to karyotype. Color is a result of
interactions among several gene products. Ex. human eye color
◉ continuous variation. Answer: an additive effect of two or more
genes on a single phenotype character. The traits occur in a range of
small differences. Environmental factors are involved.
◉ Multiple allele system. Answer: the expression of different
phenotypes due to the presence of multiple alleles.
◉ Universal donor. Answer: blood type O
◉ Universal acceptor. Answer: blood type AB
◉ Agglutination. Answer: ...
◉ RH blood typing is. Answer: independent of ABO types
◉ RH+ and RH-. Answer: have different alleles for the RH factor
inherited independently of the ABO blood type alleles; O+ is the
most common type; AB- is rare.
◉ Phenotypic ratio. Answer: dominant/recessive
